Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchments in Belgium
- Author
- Md. Amimul Ehsan (UGent) , Thomas Geurden (UGent) , Stijn Casaert (UGent) , Jef Paulussen, Lut De Coster, Toon Schoemaker, Rachel Chalmers, Grietje Grit (UGent) , Jozef Vercruysse (UGent) and Edwin Claerebout (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Human wastewater and livestock can contribute to contamination of surface water with Cryptosporidium and Giardia. In countries where a substantial proportion of drinking water is produced from surface water, e.g., Belgium, this poses a constant threat on drinking water safety. Our objective was to monitor the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchment sites in Belgium and to discriminate between (oo) cysts from human or animal origin using genotyping. Monthly samples were collected from raw water and purified drinking water at four catchment sites. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected using USEPA method 1623 and positive samples were genotyped. No contamination was found in purified water at any site. In three catchments, only low numbers of (oo) cysts were recovered from raw water samples (<1/liter), but raw water samples from one catchment site were frequently contaminated with Giardia (92 %) and Cryptosporidium (96 %), especially in winter and spring. Genotyping of Giardia in 38 water samples identified the presence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage AI, AII, BIV, BIV-like, and E. Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium suis, Cryptosporidium horse genotype, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis were detected. The genotyping results suggest that agriculture may be a more important source of surface water contamination than human waste in this catchment. In catchment sites with contaminated surface water, such as the Blankaart, continuous monitoring of treated water for the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia would be justified and (point) sources of surface water contamination should be identified.
- Keywords
- BAYESIAN-APPROACH, FECAL CONTAMINATION, TREATMENT-PLANT, DAIRY CALVES, FRESH-WATER, Belgium, Drinking water, MICROBIAL INDICATORS, SURFACE-WATER, UNITED-STATES, WASTE-WATER, DRINKING-WATER, Surface water, Cryptosporidium, Giardia
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-6715183
- MLA
- Ehsan, Md. Amimul, et al. “Occurrence and Potential Health Risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Different Water Catchments in Belgium.” ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, vol. 187, no. 2, 2015, doi:10.1007/s10661-014-4157-z.
- APA
- Ehsan, Md. A., Geurden, T., Casaert, S., Paulussen, J., De Coster, L., Schoemaker, T., … Claerebout, E. (2015). Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchments in Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 187(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4157-z
- Chicago author-date
- Ehsan, Md. Amimul, Thomas Geurden, Stijn Casaert, Jef Paulussen, Lut De Coster, Toon Schoemaker, Rachel Chalmers, Grietje Grit, Jozef Vercruysse, and Edwin Claerebout. 2015. “Occurrence and Potential Health Risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Different Water Catchments in Belgium.” ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 187 (2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4157-z.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Ehsan, Md. Amimul, Thomas Geurden, Stijn Casaert, Jef Paulussen, Lut De Coster, Toon Schoemaker, Rachel Chalmers, Grietje Grit, Jozef Vercruysse, and Edwin Claerebout. 2015. “Occurrence and Potential Health Risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Different Water Catchments in Belgium.” ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 187 (2). doi:10.1007/s10661-014-4157-z.
- Vancouver
- 1.Ehsan MdA, Geurden T, Casaert S, Paulussen J, De Coster L, Schoemaker T, et al. Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchments in Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT. 2015;187(2).
- IEEE
- [1]Md. A. Ehsan et al., “Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchments in Belgium,” ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, vol. 187, no. 2, 2015.
@article{6715183, abstract = {{Human wastewater and livestock can contribute to contamination of surface water with Cryptosporidium and Giardia. In countries where a substantial proportion of drinking water is produced from surface water, e.g., Belgium, this poses a constant threat on drinking water safety. Our objective was to monitor the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchment sites in Belgium and to discriminate between (oo) cysts from human or animal origin using genotyping. Monthly samples were collected from raw water and purified drinking water at four catchment sites. Cryptosporidium and Giardia were detected using USEPA method 1623 and positive samples were genotyped. No contamination was found in purified water at any site. In three catchments, only low numbers of (oo) cysts were recovered from raw water samples (<1/liter), but raw water samples from one catchment site were frequently contaminated with Giardia (92 %) and Cryptosporidium (96 %), especially in winter and spring. Genotyping of Giardia in 38 water samples identified the presence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage AI, AII, BIV, BIV-like, and E. Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium suis, Cryptosporidium horse genotype, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cryptosporidium hominis were detected. The genotyping results suggest that agriculture may be a more important source of surface water contamination than human waste in this catchment. In catchment sites with contaminated surface water, such as the Blankaart, continuous monitoring of treated water for the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia would be justified and (point) sources of surface water contamination should be identified.}}, articleno = {{6}}, author = {{Ehsan, Md. Amimul and Geurden, Thomas and Casaert, Stijn and Paulussen, Jef and De Coster, Lut and Schoemaker, Toon and Chalmers, Rachel and Grit, Grietje and Vercruysse, Jozef and Claerebout, Edwin}}, issn = {{0167-6369}}, journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT}}, keywords = {{BAYESIAN-APPROACH,FECAL CONTAMINATION,TREATMENT-PLANT,DAIRY CALVES,FRESH-WATER,Belgium,Drinking water,MICROBIAL INDICATORS,SURFACE-WATER,UNITED-STATES,WASTE-WATER,DRINKING-WATER,Surface water,Cryptosporidium,Giardia}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Occurrence and potential health risk of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in different water catchments in Belgium}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4157-z}}, volume = {{187}}, year = {{2015}}, }
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