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Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat

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Abstract
Lymph nodes are essential structures to be evaluated in an ultrasonographic examination of the feline abdomen. It was hypothesized that current technical proficiency would allow all feline abdominal lymph nodes to be identified ultrasonographically. Ten clinically normal, adult, domestic shorthair cats were examined using real-time compound ultrasonographic imaging. The medial iliac lymph nodes were visible in 100% of the cats, the jejunal lymph nodes in 90%, the hepatic lymph nodes in 70%, the aortic lumbar, the splenic, and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes in 60% each, the ileocecal and the colic lymph nodes in 50% each, and the renal, the gastric, the sacral and the caudal mesenteric lymph nodes in 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% of the cats, respectively. The inconsistent presence of lymph nodes, their poor echocontrast and interposed gas of the gastrointestinal tract explain the lower percentages of identification. The ultrasonographic length and diameter of the lymph nodes were determined. The majority of these measurements corresponded to those in the literature. We conclude that ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the identification and evaluation of most abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat. Average ultrasonographic measurements are presented as a preliminary guideline for normal feline abdominal lymph nodes.
Keywords
cat, abdomen, lymph nodes, ultrasonography, DOG

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MLA
Schreurs, Elke, et al. “Ultrasonographic Anatomy of Abdominal Lymph Nodes in the Normal Cat.” VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND, vol. 49, no. 1, 2008, pp. 68–72, doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00320.x.
APA
Schreurs, E., Vermote, K., Barberet, V., Daminet, S., Rudorf, H., & Saunders, J. (2008). Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat. VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND, 49(1), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00320.x
Chicago author-date
Schreurs, Elke, Kathelyn Vermote, Virginie Barberet, Sylvie Daminet, Heike Rudorf, and Jimmy Saunders. 2008. “Ultrasonographic Anatomy of Abdominal Lymph Nodes in the Normal Cat.” VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND 49 (1): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00320.x.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Schreurs, Elke, Kathelyn Vermote, Virginie Barberet, Sylvie Daminet, Heike Rudorf, and Jimmy Saunders. 2008. “Ultrasonographic Anatomy of Abdominal Lymph Nodes in the Normal Cat.” VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND 49 (1): 68–72. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00320.x.
Vancouver
1.
Schreurs E, Vermote K, Barberet V, Daminet S, Rudorf H, Saunders J. Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat. VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND. 2008;49(1):68–72.
IEEE
[1]
E. Schreurs, K. Vermote, V. Barberet, S. Daminet, H. Rudorf, and J. Saunders, “Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat,” VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 68–72, 2008.
@article{630252,
  abstract     = {{Lymph nodes are essential structures to be evaluated in an ultrasonographic examination of the feline abdomen. It was hypothesized that current technical proficiency would allow all feline abdominal lymph nodes to be identified ultrasonographically. Ten clinically normal, adult, domestic shorthair cats were examined using real-time compound ultrasonographic imaging. The medial iliac lymph nodes were visible in 100% of the cats, the jejunal lymph nodes in 90%, the hepatic lymph nodes in 70%, the aortic lumbar, the splenic, and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes in 60% each, the ileocecal and the colic lymph nodes in 50% each, and the renal, the gastric, the sacral and the caudal mesenteric lymph nodes in 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% of the cats, respectively. The inconsistent presence of lymph nodes, their poor echocontrast and interposed gas of the gastrointestinal tract explain the lower percentages of identification. The ultrasonographic length and diameter of the lymph nodes were determined. The majority of these measurements corresponded to those in the literature. We conclude that ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the identification and evaluation of most abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat. Average ultrasonographic measurements are presented as a preliminary guideline for normal feline abdominal lymph nodes.}},
  author       = {{Schreurs, Elke and Vermote, Kathelyn and Barberet, Virginie and Daminet, Sylvie and Rudorf, Heike and Saunders, Jimmy}},
  issn         = {{1058-8183}},
  journal      = {{VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}},
  keywords     = {{cat,abdomen,lymph nodes,ultrasonography,DOG}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Naples, ITALY}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{68--72}},
  title        = {{Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00320.x}},
  volume       = {{49}},
  year         = {{2008}},
}

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