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Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study

Katia Levecque (UGent) , Ina Lodewyckx and Piet Bracke (UGent)
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Abstract
This study assesses the prevalence of and risk and protective factors for common mental health complaints in a general population sample of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants living in Belgium. Focus is on between- and within-group variation. The study is based on pooled data from the Belgian Health Interview Surveys 2001 and 2004 and focuses on the Turkish and Moroccan immigrant population aged 18-65 (N = 147 Turks, N = 359 Moroccans). Mental health status is assessed with the General Health Questionnaire-12 and the Symptom Checklist 90-R subscales for depression and generalised anxiety. Risk and protective factors considered are gender, age, household type, labor market position, educational level, household income, homeownership, being foreign- or native born and social support. Between-group variance was not significant. Within-group analysis showed significant effects of gender and social support. Although not significant, the results suggested positive associations between social adversity and mood status. In addition, there was a tendency for higher risks for psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in foreign-born as compared to Belgian-born Turkish and Moroccan immigrants.
Keywords
depression, anxiety, community sample, risk factors, immigrants, SOCIAL SUPPORT SURVEY, MENTAL-HEALTH, PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS, RISK-FACTORS, SCREENING INSTRUMENTS, SEX-DIFFERENCES, MOOD DISORDERS, PRIMARY-CARE, MIGRATION, POPULATION

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MLA
Levecque, Katia, et al. “Psychological Distress, Depression and Generalised Anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants in Belgium: A General Population Study.” SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 3, 2009, pp. 188–97, doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0431-0.
APA
Levecque, K., Lodewyckx, I., & Bracke, P. (2009). Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study. SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 44(3), 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0431-0
Chicago author-date
Levecque, Katia, Ina Lodewyckx, and Piet Bracke. 2009. “Psychological Distress, Depression and Generalised Anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants in Belgium: A General Population Study.” SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 44 (3): 188–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0431-0.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Levecque, Katia, Ina Lodewyckx, and Piet Bracke. 2009. “Psychological Distress, Depression and Generalised Anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants in Belgium: A General Population Study.” SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY 44 (3): 188–197. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0431-0.
Vancouver
1.
Levecque K, Lodewyckx I, Bracke P. Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study. SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY. 2009;44(3):188–97.
IEEE
[1]
K. Levecque, I. Lodewyckx, and P. Bracke, “Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study,” SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 188–197, 2009.
@article{628390,
  abstract     = {{This study assesses the prevalence of and risk and protective factors for common mental health complaints in a general population sample of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants living in Belgium. Focus is on between- and within-group variation.
The study is based on pooled data from the Belgian Health Interview Surveys 2001 and 2004 and focuses on the Turkish and Moroccan immigrant population aged 18-65 (N = 147 Turks, N = 359 Moroccans). Mental health status is assessed with the General Health Questionnaire-12 and the Symptom Checklist 90-R subscales for depression and generalised anxiety. Risk and protective factors considered are gender, age, household type, labor market position, educational level, household income, homeownership, being foreign- or native born and social support.
Between-group variance was not significant. Within-group analysis showed significant effects of gender and social support. Although not significant, the results suggested positive associations between social adversity and mood status. In addition, there was a tendency for higher risks for psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in foreign-born as compared to Belgian-born Turkish and Moroccan immigrants.}},
  author       = {{Levecque, Katia and Lodewyckx, Ina and Bracke, Piet}},
  issn         = {{0933-7954}},
  journal      = {{SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{depression,anxiety,community sample,risk factors,immigrants,SOCIAL SUPPORT SURVEY,MENTAL-HEALTH,PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS,RISK-FACTORS,SCREENING INSTRUMENTS,SEX-DIFFERENCES,MOOD DISORDERS,PRIMARY-CARE,MIGRATION,POPULATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{188--197}},
  title        = {{Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0431-0}},
  volume       = {{44}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}

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