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A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A

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Abstract
We present new Herschel photometric and spectroscopic observations of Supernova 1987A, carried out in 2012. Our dedicated photometric measurements provide new 70 mu m data and improved imaging quality at 100 and 160 mu m compared to previous observations in 2010. Our Herschel spectra show only weak CO line emission, and provide an upper limit for the 63 mu m [O-I] line flux, eliminating the possibility that line contaminations distort the previously estimated dustmass. The far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) is well fitted by thermal emission from cold dust. The newly measured 70 mu m flux constrains the dust temperature, limiting it to nearly a single temperature. The far-infrared emission can be fitted by 0.5 +/- 0.1M(circle dot) of amorphous carbon, about a factor of two larger than the current nucleosynthetic mass prediction for carbon. The observation of SiO molecules at early and late phases suggests that silicates may also have formed and we could fit the SED with a combination of 0.3M(circle dot) of amorphous carbon and 0.5M(circle dot) of silicates, totalling 0.8M(circle dot) of dust. Our analysis thus supports the presence of a large dust reservoir in the ejecta of SN 1987A. The inferred dust mass suggests that supernovae can be an important source of dust in the interstellar medium, from local to high-redshift galaxies.
Keywords
extinction, dust, infrared: ISM, infrared: stars, ISM: supernova remnants, submillimeter: ISM, submillimeter: stars, supernovae: individual (Supernova 1987A), CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE, LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD, SN 1987A, INTERSTELLAR DUST, CRAB-NEBULA, EARLY UNIVERSE, HIGH-REDSHIFT, P SUPERNOVAE, LIGHT-CURVE, STAR MASS

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MLA
Matsuura, M., et al. “A Stubbornly Large Mass of Cold Dust in the Ejecta of Supernova 1987A.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 800, no. 1, 2015, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/50.
APA
Matsuura, M., Dwek, E., Barlow, M., Babler, B., Baes, M., Meixner, M., … Yates, J. (2015). A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 800(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/50
Chicago author-date
Matsuura, M, E Dwek, MJ Barlow, B Babler, Maarten Baes, M Meixner, J Cernicharo, et al. 2015. “A Stubbornly Large Mass of Cold Dust in the Ejecta of Supernova 1987A.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 800 (1). https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/50.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Matsuura, M, E Dwek, MJ Barlow, B Babler, Maarten Baes, M Meixner, J Cernicharo, GC Clayton, L Dunne, C Fransson, Jacopo Fritz, W Gear, HL Gomez, MAT Groenewegen, R Indebetouw, RJ Ivison, A Jerkstrand, V Lebouteiller, TL Lim, P Lundqvist, CP Pearson, J Roman-Duval, P Royer, L Staveley-Smith, BM Swinyard, PAM van Hoof, JT van Loon, Joris Verstappen, R Wesson, G Zanardo, JADL Blommaert, L Decin, WT Reach, G Sonneborn, GC Van de Steene, and JA Yates. 2015. “A Stubbornly Large Mass of Cold Dust in the Ejecta of Supernova 1987A.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 800 (1). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/50.
Vancouver
1.
Matsuura M, Dwek E, Barlow M, Babler B, Baes M, Meixner M, et al. A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. 2015;800(1).
IEEE
[1]
M. Matsuura et al., “A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A,” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 800, no. 1, 2015.
@article{5920825,
  abstract     = {{We present new Herschel photometric and spectroscopic observations of Supernova 1987A, carried out in 2012. Our dedicated photometric measurements provide new 70 mu m data and improved imaging quality at 100 and 160 mu m compared to previous observations in 2010. Our Herschel spectra show only weak CO line emission, and provide an upper limit for the 63 mu m [O-I] line flux, eliminating the possibility that line contaminations distort the previously estimated dustmass. The far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) is well fitted by thermal emission from cold dust. The newly measured 70 mu m flux constrains the dust temperature, limiting it to nearly a single temperature. The far-infrared emission can be fitted by 0.5 +/- 0.1M(circle dot) of amorphous carbon, about a factor of two larger than the current nucleosynthetic mass prediction for carbon. The observation of SiO molecules at early and late phases suggests that silicates may also have formed and we could fit the SED with a combination of 0.3M(circle dot) of amorphous carbon and 0.5M(circle dot) of silicates, totalling 0.8M(circle dot) of dust. Our analysis thus supports the presence of a large dust reservoir in the ejecta of SN 1987A. The inferred dust mass suggests that supernovae can be an important source of dust in the interstellar medium, from local to high-redshift galaxies.}},
  articleno    = {{50}},
  author       = {{Matsuura, M and Dwek, E and Barlow, MJ and Babler, B and Baes, Maarten and Meixner, M and Cernicharo, J and Clayton, GC and Dunne, L and Fransson, C and Fritz, Jacopo and Gear, W and Gomez, HL and Groenewegen, MAT and Indebetouw, R and Ivison, RJ and Jerkstrand, A and Lebouteiller, V and Lim, TL and Lundqvist, P and Pearson, CP and Roman-Duval, J and Royer, P and Staveley-Smith, L and Swinyard, BM and van Hoof, PAM and van Loon, JT and Verstappen, Joris and Wesson, R and Zanardo, G and Blommaert, JADL and Decin, L and Reach, WT and Sonneborn, G and Van de Steene, GC and Yates, JA}},
  issn         = {{0004-637X}},
  journal      = {{ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{extinction,dust,infrared: ISM,infrared: stars,ISM: supernova remnants,submillimeter: ISM,submillimeter: stars,supernovae: individual (Supernova 1987A),CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE,LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD,SN 1987A,INTERSTELLAR DUST,CRAB-NEBULA,EARLY UNIVERSE,HIGH-REDSHIFT,P SUPERNOVAE,LIGHT-CURVE,STAR MASS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  title        = {{A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/50}},
  volume       = {{800}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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