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How much image noise can be added in cardiac x-ray imaging without loss in perceived image quality?

(2015) Proceedings of SPIE. 9399. p.1-6
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Abstract
Dynamic X-ray imaging systems are used for interventional cardiac procedures to treat coronary heart disease. X-ray settings are controlled automatically by specially-designed X-ray dose control mechanisms whose role is to ensure an adequate level of image quality is maintained with an acceptable radiation dose to the patient. Current commonplace dose control designs quantify image quality by performing a simple technical measurement directly from the image. However, the utility of cardiac X-ray images is in their interpretation by a cardiologist during an interventional procedure, rather than in a technical measurement. With the long term goal of devising a clinically-relevant image quality metric for an intelligent dose control system, we aim to investigate the relationship of image noise with clinical professionals’ perception of dynamic image sequences. Computer-generated noise was added, in incremental amounts, to angiograms of five different patients selected to represent the range of adult cardiac patient sizes. A two alternative forced choice staircase experiment was used to determine the amount of noise which can be added to a patient image sequences without changing image quality as perceived by clinical professionals. Twenty-five viewing sessions (five for each patient) were completed by thirteen observers. Results demonstrated scope to increase the noise of cardiac X-ray images by up to 21% ± 8% before it is noticeable by clinical professionals. This indicates a potential for 21% radiation dose reduction since X-ray image noise and radiation dose are directly related; this would be beneficial to both patients and personnel.
Keywords
perception measurement, medical image quality, staircase psychophysics experiment, simulated image noise, cardiac X-ray imaging, Image quality quantification, SKIN, INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, FLUOROSCOPY, radiation dose reduction

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MLA
Gislason-Lee, Amber, et al. “How Much Image Noise Can Be Added in Cardiac X-Ray Imaging without Loss in Perceived Image Quality?” Proceedings of SPIE, edited by Karen O Egiazarian et al., vol. 9399, SPIE Press, 2015, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1117/12.2082788.
APA
Gislason-Lee, A., Kumcu, A., Kengyelics, S. M., Rhodes, L. A., & Davies, A. G. (2015). How much image noise can be added in cardiac x-ray imaging without loss in perceived image quality? In K. O. Egiazarian, S. S. Agaian, & A. P. Gotchev (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE (Vol. 9399, pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082788
Chicago author-date
Gislason-Lee, Amber, Asli Kumcu, Stephen M Kengyelics, Laura A Rhodes, and Andrew G Davies. 2015. “How Much Image Noise Can Be Added in Cardiac X-Ray Imaging without Loss in Perceived Image Quality?” In Proceedings of SPIE, edited by Karen O Egiazarian, Sos S Agaian, and Atanas P Gotchev, 9399:1–6. SPIE Press. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082788.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Gislason-Lee, Amber, Asli Kumcu, Stephen M Kengyelics, Laura A Rhodes, and Andrew G Davies. 2015. “How Much Image Noise Can Be Added in Cardiac X-Ray Imaging without Loss in Perceived Image Quality?” In Proceedings of SPIE, ed by. Karen O Egiazarian, Sos S Agaian, and Atanas P Gotchev, 9399:1–6. SPIE Press. doi:10.1117/12.2082788.
Vancouver
1.
Gislason-Lee A, Kumcu A, Kengyelics SM, Rhodes LA, Davies AG. How much image noise can be added in cardiac x-ray imaging without loss in perceived image quality? In: Egiazarian KO, Agaian SS, Gotchev AP, editors. Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE Press; 2015. p. 1–6.
IEEE
[1]
A. Gislason-Lee, A. Kumcu, S. M. Kengyelics, L. A. Rhodes, and A. G. Davies, “How much image noise can be added in cardiac x-ray imaging without loss in perceived image quality?,” in Proceedings of SPIE, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2015, vol. 9399, pp. 1–6.
@inproceedings{5914326,
  abstract     = {{Dynamic X-ray imaging systems are used for interventional cardiac procedures to treat coronary heart disease. X-ray settings are controlled automatically by specially-designed X-ray dose control mechanisms whose role is to ensure an adequate level of image quality is maintained with an acceptable radiation dose to the patient. Current commonplace dose control designs quantify image quality by performing a simple technical measurement directly from the image. However, the utility of cardiac X-ray images is in their interpretation by a cardiologist during an interventional procedure, rather than in a technical measurement. With the long term goal of devising a clinically-relevant image quality metric for an intelligent dose control system, we aim to investigate the relationship of image noise with clinical professionals’ perception of dynamic image sequences.
Computer-generated noise was added, in incremental amounts, to angiograms of five different patients selected to represent the range of adult cardiac patient sizes. A two alternative forced choice staircase experiment was used to determine the amount of noise which can be added to a patient image sequences without changing image quality as perceived by clinical professionals. Twenty-five viewing sessions (five for each patient) were completed by thirteen observers. Results demonstrated scope to increase the noise of cardiac X-ray images by up to 21% ± 8% before it is noticeable by clinical professionals. This indicates a potential for 21% radiation dose reduction since X-ray image noise and radiation dose are directly related; this would be beneficial to both patients and personnel.}},
  articleno    = {{93990L}},
  author       = {{Gislason-Lee, Amber and Kumcu, Asli and Kengyelics, Stephen M and Rhodes, Laura A and Davies, Andrew G}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of SPIE}},
  editor       = {{Egiazarian, Karen O and Agaian, Sos S and Gotchev, Atanas P}},
  isbn         = {{9781628414899}},
  issn         = {{0277-786X}},
  keywords     = {{perception measurement,medical image quality,staircase psychophysics experiment,simulated image noise,cardiac X-ray imaging,Image quality quantification,SKIN,INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES,FLUOROSCOPY,radiation dose reduction}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{San Francisco, CA, USA}},
  pages        = {{93990L:1--93990L:6}},
  publisher    = {{SPIE Press}},
  title        = {{How much image noise can be added in cardiac x-ray imaging without loss in perceived image quality?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082788}},
  volume       = {{9399}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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