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Gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout

Annelies Declercq (UGent) , Koen Chiers (UGent) , Freddy Haesebrouck (UGent) , Wim Van Den Broeck (UGent) , Jeroen Dewulf (UGent) , Maria Cornelissen (UGent) and Annemie Decostere (UGent)
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Abstract
Challenge models generating gill-lesions typical for columnaris disease were developed for carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum fry by means of immersion challenge. Hereby, Flavobacterium columnare field isolates were characterized regarding virulence. Carp inoculated with highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse, whitish discoloration of the gills affecting all arches while in trout mostly unilateral focal lesions restricted to the first two gill arches occurred. Light microscopic examination of the gills of carp exposed to highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse loss of branchial structures, and desquamation and necrosis of gill epithelium with fusion of filaments and lamellae. In severe cases, large parts of the filaments were replaced with necrotic debris entangled with massive clusters of F. columnare bacterial cells, enwrapped in an eosinophilic matrix. In trout, histopathologic lesions were similar but less extensive and much more focal, being well delineated from apparently healthy tissue. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the affected gills pictured long, slender bacterial cells attained in an extracellular matrix and in close contact with the destructed gill tissue. This is the first study to reveal gill lesions typical for columnaris disease at a macroscopic, light microscopic and ultrastructural level in both carp and rainbow trout following challenge with F. columnare, opening ample research opportunities regarding pathogen-gill interaction.
Keywords
AC LYASE ACTIVITY, CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS, FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE, CHANNEL CATFISH, FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS, ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS, FISH PATHOGEN, CYPRINUS-CARPIO, CHALLENGE MODEL, VIRULENCE

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MLA
Declercq, Annelies, et al. “Gill Infection Model for Columnaris Disease in Common Carp and Rainbow Trout.” JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, vol. 27, no. 1, 2015, pp. 1–11, doi:10.1080/08997659.2014.953265.
APA
Declercq, A., Chiers, K., Haesebrouck, F., Van Den Broeck, W., Dewulf, J., Cornelissen, M., & Decostere, A. (2015). Gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, 27(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.953265
Chicago author-date
Declercq, Annelies, Koen Chiers, Freddy Haesebrouck, Wim Van Den Broeck, Jeroen Dewulf, Maria Cornelissen, and Annemie Decostere. 2015. “Gill Infection Model for Columnaris Disease in Common Carp and Rainbow Trout.” JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 27 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.953265.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Declercq, Annelies, Koen Chiers, Freddy Haesebrouck, Wim Van Den Broeck, Jeroen Dewulf, Maria Cornelissen, and Annemie Decostere. 2015. “Gill Infection Model for Columnaris Disease in Common Carp and Rainbow Trout.” JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 27 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/08997659.2014.953265.
Vancouver
1.
Declercq A, Chiers K, Haesebrouck F, Van Den Broeck W, Dewulf J, Cornelissen M, et al. Gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH. 2015;27(1):1–11.
IEEE
[1]
A. Declercq et al., “Gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout,” JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2015.
@article{5798852,
  abstract     = {{Challenge models generating gill-lesions typical for columnaris disease were developed for carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum fry by means of immersion challenge. Hereby, Flavobacterium columnare field isolates were characterized regarding virulence. Carp inoculated with highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse, whitish discoloration of the gills affecting all arches while in trout mostly unilateral focal lesions restricted to the first two gill arches occurred. Light microscopic examination of the gills of carp exposed to highly virulent isolates revealed diffuse loss of branchial structures, and desquamation and necrosis of gill epithelium with fusion of filaments and lamellae. In severe cases, large parts of the filaments were replaced with necrotic debris entangled with massive clusters of F. columnare bacterial cells, enwrapped in an eosinophilic matrix. In trout, histopathologic lesions were similar but less extensive and much more focal, being well delineated from apparently healthy tissue. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the affected gills pictured long, slender bacterial cells attained in an extracellular matrix and in close contact with the destructed gill tissue. 
This is the first study to reveal gill lesions typical for columnaris disease at a macroscopic, light microscopic and ultrastructural level in both carp and rainbow trout following challenge with F. columnare, opening ample research opportunities regarding pathogen-gill interaction.}},
  author       = {{Declercq, Annelies and Chiers, Koen and Haesebrouck, Freddy and Van Den Broeck, Wim and Dewulf, Jeroen and Cornelissen, Maria and Decostere, Annemie}},
  issn         = {{0899-7659}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}},
  keywords     = {{AC LYASE ACTIVITY,CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS,FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE,CHANNEL CATFISH,FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS,ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS,FISH PATHOGEN,CYPRINUS-CARPIO,CHALLENGE MODEL,VIRULENCE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{1--11}},
  title        = {{Gill infection model for columnaris disease in common carp and rainbow trout}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.953265}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}

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