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A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area

(2014) PLOS ONE. 9(8).
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Abstract
Maerl beds are sensitive biogenic habitats built by an accumulation of loose-lying, non-geniculate coralline algae. While these habitats are considered hot-spots of marine biodiversity, the number and distribution of maerl-forming species is uncertain because homoplasy and plasticity of morphological characters are common. As a result, species discrimination based on morphological features is notoriously challenging, making these coralline algae the ideal candidates for a DNA barcoding study. Here, mitochondrial (COI-5P DNA barcode fragment) and plastidial (psbA gene) sequence data were used in a two-step approach to delimit species in 224 collections of maerl sampled from Svalbard (78 degrees 96'N) to the Canary Islands (28 degrees 64'N) that represented 10 morphospecies from four genera and two families. First, the COI-5P dataset was analyzed with two methods based on distinct criteria (ABGD and GMYC) to delineate 16 primary species hypotheses (PSHs) arranged into four major lineages. Second, chloroplast (psbA) sequence data served to consolidate these PSHs into 13 secondary species hypotheses (SSHs) that showed biologically plausible ranges. Using several lines of evidence (e.g. morphological characters, known species distributions, sequences from type and topotype material), six SSHs were assigned to available species names that included the geographically widespread Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithothamnion corallioides, and L. glaciale; possible identities of other SSHs are discussed. Concordance between SSHs and morphospecies was minimal, highlighting the convenience of DNA barcoding for an accurate identification of maerl specimens. Our survey indicated that a majority of maerl forming species have small distribution ranges and revealed a gradual replacement of species with latitude.
Keywords
IBERIAN PENINSULA, SP-NOV, RHODOPHYTA, DNA, DIVERSITY, MODELS, BEDS, FLORIDEOPHYCEAE, MELOBESIOIDEAE, CONSERVATION

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MLA
Pardo, Cristina, et al. “A Multilocus Species Delimitation Reveals a Striking Number of Species of Coralline Algae Forming Maerl in the OSPAR Maritime Area.” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 8, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104073.
APA
Pardo, C., Lopez, L., Peña Freire, V., Hernández-Kantún, J., Le Gall, L., Bárbara, I., & Barreiro, R. (2014). A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area. PLOS ONE, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104073
Chicago author-date
Pardo, Cristina, Lua Lopez, Viviana Peña Freire, Jazmin Hernández-Kantún, Line Le Gall, Ignacio Bárbara, and Rodolfo Barreiro. 2014. “A Multilocus Species Delimitation Reveals a Striking Number of Species of Coralline Algae Forming Maerl in the OSPAR Maritime Area.” PLOS ONE 9 (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104073.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Pardo, Cristina, Lua Lopez, Viviana Peña Freire, Jazmin Hernández-Kantún, Line Le Gall, Ignacio Bárbara, and Rodolfo Barreiro. 2014. “A Multilocus Species Delimitation Reveals a Striking Number of Species of Coralline Algae Forming Maerl in the OSPAR Maritime Area.” PLOS ONE 9 (8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104073.
Vancouver
1.
Pardo C, Lopez L, Peña Freire V, Hernández-Kantún J, Le Gall L, Bárbara I, et al. A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(8).
IEEE
[1]
C. Pardo et al., “A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area,” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 8, 2014.
@article{5783412,
  abstract     = {{Maerl beds are sensitive biogenic habitats built by an accumulation of loose-lying, non-geniculate coralline algae. While these habitats are considered hot-spots of marine biodiversity, the number and distribution of maerl-forming species is uncertain because homoplasy and plasticity of morphological characters are common. As a result, species discrimination based on morphological features is notoriously challenging, making these coralline algae the ideal candidates for a DNA barcoding study. Here, mitochondrial (COI-5P DNA barcode fragment) and plastidial (psbA gene) sequence data were used in a two-step approach to delimit species in 224 collections of maerl sampled from Svalbard (78 degrees 96'N) to the Canary Islands (28 degrees 64'N) that represented 10 morphospecies from four genera and two families. First, the COI-5P dataset was analyzed with two methods based on distinct criteria (ABGD and GMYC) to delineate 16 primary species hypotheses (PSHs) arranged into four major lineages. Second, chloroplast (psbA) sequence data served to consolidate these PSHs into 13 secondary species hypotheses (SSHs) that showed biologically plausible ranges. Using several lines of evidence (e.g. morphological characters, known species distributions, sequences from type and topotype material), six SSHs were assigned to available species names that included the geographically widespread Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithothamnion corallioides, and L. glaciale; possible identities of other SSHs are discussed. Concordance between SSHs and morphospecies was minimal, highlighting the convenience of DNA barcoding for an accurate identification of maerl specimens. Our survey indicated that a majority of maerl forming species have small distribution ranges and revealed a gradual replacement of species with latitude.}},
  articleno    = {{e104073}},
  author       = {{Pardo, Cristina and Lopez, Lua and Peña Freire, Viviana and Hernández-Kantún, Jazmin and Le Gall, Line and Bárbara, Ignacio and Barreiro, Rodolfo}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  journal      = {{PLOS ONE}},
  keywords     = {{IBERIAN PENINSULA,SP-NOV,RHODOPHYTA,DNA,DIVERSITY,MODELS,BEDS,FLORIDEOPHYCEAE,MELOBESIOIDEAE,CONSERVATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  title        = {{A multilocus species delimitation reveals a striking number of species of coralline algae forming maerl in the OSPAR maritime area}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104073}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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