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Bacterial diversity assessment in Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic microbial mats : a comparison between bidirectional pyrosequencing and cultivation

Bjorn Tytgat (UGent) , Elie Verleyen (UGent) , Dagmar Obbels (UGent) , Karolien Peeters (UGent) , Aaike De Wever (UGent) , Sofie D'hondt (UGent) , Tim De Meyer (UGent) , Wim Van Criekinge (UGent) , Wim Vyverman (UGent) and Anne Willems (UGent)
(2014) PLOS ONE. 9(6).
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Abstract
The application of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has increased the size of microbial diversity datasets by several orders of magnitude, providing improved access to the rare biosphere compared with cultivation-based approaches and more established cultivation-independent techniques. By contrast, cultivation-based approaches allow the retrieval of both common and uncommon bacteria that can grow in the conditions used and provide access to strains for biotechnological applications. We performed bidirectional pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity in two terrestrial and seven aquatic Antarctic microbial mat samples previously studied by heterotrophic cultivation. While, not unexpectedly, 77.5% of genera recovered by pyrosequencing were not among the isolates, 25.6% of the genera picked up by cultivation were not detected by pyrosequencing. To allow comparison between both techniques, we focused on the five phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus) recovered by heterotrophic cultivation. Four of these phyla were among the most abundantly recovered by pyrosequencing. Strikingly, there was relatively little overlap between cultivation and the forward and reverse pyrosequencing-based datasets at the genus (17.1–22.2%) and OTU (3.5–3.6%) level (defined on a 97% similarity cut-off level). Comparison of the V1–V2 and V3–V2 datasets of the 16S rRNA gene revealed remarkable differences in number of OTUs and genera recovered. The forward dataset missed 33% of the genera from the reverse dataset despite comprising 50% more OTUs, while the reverse dataset did not contain 40% of the genera of the forward dataset. Similar observations were evident when comparing the forward and reverse cultivation datasets. Our results indicate that the region under consideration can have a large impact on perceived diversity, and should be considered when comparing different datasets. Finally, a high number of OTUs could not be classified using the RDP reference database, suggesting the presence of a large amount of novel diversity.
Keywords
COMMUNITY, ENVIRONMENTS, SEQUENCES, SOIL, GENE, LOW-TEMPERATURE, SP-NOV., CLIMATE-CHANGE, RARE BIOSPHERE, 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA

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MLA
Tytgat, Bjorn, et al. “Bacterial Diversity Assessment in Antarctic Terrestrial and Aquatic Microbial Mats : A Comparison between Bidirectional Pyrosequencing and Cultivation.” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 6, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097564.
APA
Tytgat, B., Verleyen, E., Obbels, D., Peeters, K., De Wever, A., D’hondt, S., … Willems, A. (2014). Bacterial diversity assessment in Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic microbial mats : a comparison between bidirectional pyrosequencing and cultivation. PLOS ONE, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097564
Chicago author-date
Tytgat, Bjorn, Elie Verleyen, Dagmar Obbels, Karolien Peeters, Aaike De Wever, Sofie D’hondt, Tim De Meyer, Wim Van Criekinge, Wim Vyverman, and Anne Willems. 2014. “Bacterial Diversity Assessment in Antarctic Terrestrial and Aquatic Microbial Mats : A Comparison between Bidirectional Pyrosequencing and Cultivation.” PLOS ONE 9 (6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097564.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Tytgat, Bjorn, Elie Verleyen, Dagmar Obbels, Karolien Peeters, Aaike De Wever, Sofie D’hondt, Tim De Meyer, Wim Van Criekinge, Wim Vyverman, and Anne Willems. 2014. “Bacterial Diversity Assessment in Antarctic Terrestrial and Aquatic Microbial Mats : A Comparison between Bidirectional Pyrosequencing and Cultivation.” PLOS ONE 9 (6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097564.
Vancouver
1.
Tytgat B, Verleyen E, Obbels D, Peeters K, De Wever A, D’hondt S, et al. Bacterial diversity assessment in Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic microbial mats : a comparison between bidirectional pyrosequencing and cultivation. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(6).
IEEE
[1]
B. Tytgat et al., “Bacterial diversity assessment in Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic microbial mats : a comparison between bidirectional pyrosequencing and cultivation,” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 6, 2014.
@article{5647341,
  abstract     = {{The application of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has increased the size of microbial diversity datasets by several orders of magnitude, providing improved access to the rare biosphere compared with cultivation-based approaches and more established cultivation-independent techniques. By contrast, cultivation-based approaches allow the retrieval of both common and uncommon bacteria that can grow in the conditions used and provide access to strains for biotechnological applications. We performed bidirectional pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity in two terrestrial and seven aquatic Antarctic microbial mat samples previously studied by heterotrophic cultivation. While, not unexpectedly, 77.5% of genera recovered by pyrosequencing were not among the isolates, 25.6% of the genera picked up by cultivation were not detected by pyrosequencing. To allow comparison between both techniques, we focused on the five phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus) recovered by heterotrophic cultivation. Four of these phyla were among the most abundantly recovered by pyrosequencing. Strikingly, there was relatively little overlap between cultivation and the forward and reverse pyrosequencing-based datasets at the genus (17.1–22.2%) and OTU (3.5–3.6%) level (defined on a 97% similarity cut-off level). Comparison of the V1–V2 and V3–V2 datasets of the 16S rRNA gene revealed remarkable differences in number of OTUs and genera recovered. The forward dataset missed 33% of the genera from the reverse dataset despite comprising 50% more OTUs, while the reverse dataset did not contain 40% of the genera of the forward dataset. Similar observations were evident when comparing the forward and reverse cultivation datasets. Our results indicate that the region under consideration can have a large impact on perceived diversity, and should be considered when comparing different datasets. Finally, a high number of OTUs could not be classified using the RDP reference database, suggesting the presence of a large amount of novel diversity.}},
  articleno    = {{e97564}},
  author       = {{Tytgat, Bjorn and Verleyen, Elie and Obbels, Dagmar and Peeters, Karolien and De Wever, Aaike and D'hondt, Sofie and De Meyer, Tim and Van Criekinge, Wim and Vyverman, Wim and Willems, Anne}},
  issn         = {{1932-6203}},
  journal      = {{PLOS ONE}},
  keywords     = {{COMMUNITY,ENVIRONMENTS,SEQUENCES,SOIL,GENE,LOW-TEMPERATURE,SP-NOV.,CLIMATE-CHANGE,RARE BIOSPHERE,16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  title        = {{Bacterial diversity assessment in Antarctic terrestrial and aquatic microbial mats : a comparison between bidirectional pyrosequencing and cultivation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097564}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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