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Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using Stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing

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Abstract
This study investigated the suitability of Stephan mixer for use as conche during small-scale chocolate production in an attempt to reduce cost and processing time. Molten chocolate was processed using the Stephan mixer under different temperature and time combinations and Buhler Elk’Olino conche (as reference), and the flow properties (Casson plastic viscosity, Casson yield stress and thixotropy) were studied using a shear-rate-controlled rheometer. Optimum settings of 65 °C for 10 min at 443 g dry conching followed by 50 °C for 15 min at 443 g wet conching in the Stephan mixer resulted in similar flow properties as the reference sample. Increasing the blade rotary speed for both dry and wet conching resulted in a decrease in flow properties. The Stephan mixer proved to be suitable for conching small-scale (approximately 1 kg) chocolate productions and could be explored as a fast and cost-effective method for smallscale chocolate conching processes.
Keywords
conche, Chocolate, conching, rheology, thixotropy., Stephan mixer, VISCOSITY, MILK CHOCOLATE

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MLA
Aidoo, Roger, et al. “Optimisation of Processing Conditions and Rheological Properties Using Stephan Mixer as Conche in Small-Scale Chocolate Processing.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 49, no. 3, 2014, pp. 740–46, doi:10.1111/ijfs.12360.
APA
Aidoo, R., De Clercq, N., Afoakwa, E. O., & Dewettinck, K. (2014). Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using Stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 49(3), 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12360
Chicago author-date
Aidoo, Roger, Nathalie De Clercq, Emmanuel O Afoakwa, and Koen Dewettinck. 2014. “Optimisation of Processing Conditions and Rheological Properties Using Stephan Mixer as Conche in Small-Scale Chocolate Processing.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 49 (3): 740–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12360.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Aidoo, Roger, Nathalie De Clercq, Emmanuel O Afoakwa, and Koen Dewettinck. 2014. “Optimisation of Processing Conditions and Rheological Properties Using Stephan Mixer as Conche in Small-Scale Chocolate Processing.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 49 (3): 740–746. doi:10.1111/ijfs.12360.
Vancouver
1.
Aidoo R, De Clercq N, Afoakwa EO, Dewettinck K. Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using Stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2014;49(3):740–6.
IEEE
[1]
R. Aidoo, N. De Clercq, E. O. Afoakwa, and K. Dewettinck, “Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using Stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 740–746, 2014.
@article{4403864,
  abstract     = {{This study investigated the suitability of Stephan mixer for use as conche during small-scale chocolate production in an attempt to reduce cost and processing time. Molten chocolate was processed using the Stephan mixer under different temperature and time combinations and Buhler Elk’Olino conche (as reference), and the flow properties (Casson plastic viscosity, Casson yield stress and thixotropy) were studied using a shear-rate-controlled rheometer. Optimum settings of 65 °C for 10 min at 443 g dry conching followed by 50 °C for 15 min at 443 g wet conching in the Stephan mixer resulted in similar flow properties as the reference sample. Increasing the blade rotary speed for both dry and wet conching resulted in a decrease in flow properties. The Stephan mixer proved to be suitable for conching small-scale (approximately 1 kg) chocolate productions and could be explored as a fast and cost-effective method for smallscale chocolate conching processes.}},
  author       = {{Aidoo, Roger and De Clercq, Nathalie and Afoakwa, Emmanuel O and Dewettinck, Koen}},
  issn         = {{0950-5423}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{conche,Chocolate,conching,rheology,thixotropy.,Stephan mixer,VISCOSITY,MILK CHOCOLATE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{740--746}},
  title        = {{Optimisation of processing conditions and rheological properties using Stephan mixer as conche in small-scale chocolate processing}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12360}},
  volume       = {{49}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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