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Environmental determinants of recent endemism of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibian assemblages in the abscence of disease outbreaks

(2014) CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. 28(5). p.1302-1311
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Abstract
The inconsistent distribution of large-scale infection mediated die-offs and the subsequent population declines of several animal species, urges us to understand how, when, and why species are affected by disease. It is often unclear when or under what conditions a pathogen constitutes a threat to a host. Often, variation of environmental conditions plays a role. Globally Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes amphibian declines; however, host responses are inconsistent and this fungus appears equally capable of reaching a state of endemism and subsequent co-existence with native amphibian assemblages. We sought to identify environmental and temporal factors that facilitate host-pathogen coexistence in northern Europe. To do this, we used molecular diagnostics to examine archived and wild amphibians for infection and general linear mixed models to explore relationships between environmental variables and prevalence of infection in 5 well-sampled amphibian species. We first detected infection in archived animals collected in 1999, and infection was ubiquitous, but rare, throughout the study period (2008-2010). Prevalence of infection exhibited significant annual fluctuations. Despite extremely rare cases of lethal chytridiomycosis in A. obstetricans, Bd prevalence was uncorrelated with this species' population growth. Our results suggest context dependent and species-specific host susceptibility. Thus, we believe recent endemism of Bd coincides with environmentally driven Bd prevalence fluctuations that preclude the build-up of Bd infection beyond the critical threshold for large-scale mortality and host population crashes.
Keywords
Belgium, Alytes obstetricans, chytridiomycosis, prevalence, the Netherlands, CHYTRID FUNGUS, CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS, PREVALENCE, PATHOGEN, WILDLIFE, HOSTS, NETHERLANDS, POPULATIONS, EMERGENCE, MORTALITY

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Citation

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MLA
van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke, et al. “Environmental Determinants of Recent Endemism of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Infections in Amphibian Assemblages in the Abscence of Disease Outbreaks.” CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 5, 2014, pp. 1302–11, doi:10.1111/cobi.12281.
APA
van der Sluijs, A. M., Martel, A., Hallmann, C. A., Bosman, W., Garner, T. W., Van Rooij, P., … Pasmans, F. (2014). Environmental determinants of recent endemism of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibian assemblages in the abscence of disease outbreaks. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, 28(5), 1302–1311. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12281
Chicago author-date
Sluijs, Adriana Marieke van der, An Martel, Caspar A Hallmann, Wilbert Bosman, Trenton WJ Garner, Pascale Van Rooij, Robert Jooris, Freddy Haesebrouck, and Frank Pasmans. 2014. “Environmental Determinants of Recent Endemism of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Infections in Amphibian Assemblages in the Abscence of Disease Outbreaks.” CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 28 (5): 1302–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12281.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke, An Martel, Caspar A Hallmann, Wilbert Bosman, Trenton WJ Garner, Pascale Van Rooij, Robert Jooris, Freddy Haesebrouck, and Frank Pasmans. 2014. “Environmental Determinants of Recent Endemism of Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Infections in Amphibian Assemblages in the Abscence of Disease Outbreaks.” CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 28 (5): 1302–1311. doi:10.1111/cobi.12281.
Vancouver
1.
van der Sluijs AM, Martel A, Hallmann CA, Bosman W, Garner TW, Van Rooij P, et al. Environmental determinants of recent endemism of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibian assemblages in the abscence of disease outbreaks. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. 2014;28(5):1302–11.
IEEE
[1]
A. M. van der Sluijs et al., “Environmental determinants of recent endemism of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibian assemblages in the abscence of disease outbreaks,” CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1302–1311, 2014.
@article{4339629,
  abstract     = {{The inconsistent distribution of large-scale infection mediated die-offs and the subsequent population declines of several animal species, urges us to understand how, when, and why species are affected by disease. It is often unclear when or under what conditions a pathogen constitutes a threat to a host. Often, variation of environmental conditions plays a role. Globally Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes amphibian declines; however, host responses are inconsistent and this fungus appears equally capable of reaching a state of endemism and subsequent co-existence with native amphibian assemblages. We sought to identify environmental and temporal factors that facilitate host-pathogen coexistence in northern Europe. To do this, we used molecular diagnostics to examine archived and wild amphibians for infection and general linear mixed models to explore relationships between environmental variables and prevalence of infection in 5 well-sampled amphibian species. We first detected infection in archived animals collected in 1999, and infection was ubiquitous, but rare, throughout the study period (2008-2010). Prevalence of infection exhibited significant annual fluctuations. Despite extremely rare cases of lethal chytridiomycosis in A. obstetricans, Bd prevalence was uncorrelated with this species' population growth. Our results suggest context dependent and species-specific host susceptibility. Thus, we believe recent endemism of Bd coincides with environmentally driven Bd prevalence fluctuations that preclude the build-up of Bd infection beyond the critical threshold for large-scale mortality and host population crashes.}},
  author       = {{van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke and Martel, An and Hallmann, Caspar A and Bosman, Wilbert and Garner, Trenton WJ and Van Rooij, Pascale and Jooris, Robert and Haesebrouck, Freddy and Pasmans, Frank}},
  issn         = {{0888-8892}},
  journal      = {{CONSERVATION BIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Belgium,Alytes obstetricans,chytridiomycosis,prevalence,the Netherlands,CHYTRID FUNGUS,CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS,PREVALENCE,PATHOGEN,WILDLIFE,HOSTS,NETHERLANDS,POPULATIONS,EMERGENCE,MORTALITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1302--1311}},
  title        = {{Environmental determinants of recent endemism of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibian assemblages in the abscence of disease outbreaks}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12281}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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