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The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution

Melvin D Bolton, Ronnie de Jonge (UGent) , Patrik Inderbitzin, Zhaohui Liu, Keshav Birla, Yves Van de Peer (UGent) , Krishna V Subbarao, Bart PHJ Thomma and Gary A Secor
(2014) FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY. 62. p.43-54
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Abstract
Dothideomycetes is one of the most ecologically diverse and economically important classes of fungi. Sexual reproduction in this group is governed by mating type (MAT) genes at the MAT1 locus. Self-sterile (heterothallic) species contain one of two genes at MAT1 (MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1) and only isolates of opposite mating type are sexually compatible. In contrast, self-fertile (homothallic) species contain both MAT genes at MAT1. Knowledge of the reproductive capacities of plant pathogens are of particular interest because recombining populations tend to be more difficult to manage in agricultural settings. In this study, we sequenced MAT1 in the heterothallic Dothideomycete fungus Cercospora beticola to gain insight into the reproductive capabilities of this important plant pathogen. In addition to the expected MAT gene at MAT1, each isolate contained fragments of both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 at ostensibly random loci across the genome. When MAT fragments from each locus were manually assembled, they reconstituted MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 exons with high identity, suggesting a retroposition event occurred in a homothallic ancestor in which both MAT genes were fused. The genome sequences of related taxa revealed that MAT gene fragment pattern of Cercospora zeae-maydis was analogous to C beticola. In contrast, the genome of more distantly related Mycosphaerella graminicola did not contain MAT fragments. Although fragments occurred in syntenic regions of the C bed cola and C zeae-maydis genomes, each MAT fragment was more closely related to the intact MAT gene of the same species. Taken together, these data suggest MAT genes fragmented after divergence of M. graminicola from the remaining taxa, and concerted evolution functioned to homogenize MAT fragments and MAT genes in each species.
Keywords
DE-NOVO IDENTIFICATION, NEUROSPORA-TETRASPERMA, SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, Concerted evolution, Retroposition, MAT1-2-1, MAT1-1-1, Mating type, Cercospora, MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION, FUNGAL PATHOGENS, LOCI, SYSTEMS, RECOMBINATION, RESISTANCE, TOOL

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MLA
Bolton, Melvin D., et al. “The Heterothallic Sugarbeet Pathogen Cercospora Beticola Contains Exon Fragments of Both MAT Genes That Are Homogenized by Concerted Evolution.” FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY, vol. 62, 2014, pp. 43–54, doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011.
APA
Bolton, M. D., de Jonge, R., Inderbitzin, P., Liu, Z., Birla, K., Van de Peer, Y., … Secor, G. A. (2014). The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution. FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY, 62, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011
Chicago author-date
Bolton, Melvin D, Ronnie de Jonge, Patrik Inderbitzin, Zhaohui Liu, Keshav Birla, Yves Van de Peer, Krishna V Subbarao, Bart PHJ Thomma, and Gary A Secor. 2014. “The Heterothallic Sugarbeet Pathogen Cercospora Beticola Contains Exon Fragments of Both MAT Genes That Are Homogenized by Concerted Evolution.” FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY 62: 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bolton, Melvin D, Ronnie de Jonge, Patrik Inderbitzin, Zhaohui Liu, Keshav Birla, Yves Van de Peer, Krishna V Subbarao, Bart PHJ Thomma, and Gary A Secor. 2014. “The Heterothallic Sugarbeet Pathogen Cercospora Beticola Contains Exon Fragments of Both MAT Genes That Are Homogenized by Concerted Evolution.” FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY 62: 43–54. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011.
Vancouver
1.
Bolton MD, de Jonge R, Inderbitzin P, Liu Z, Birla K, Van de Peer Y, et al. The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution. FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY. 2014;62:43–54.
IEEE
[1]
M. D. Bolton et al., “The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution,” FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY, vol. 62, pp. 43–54, 2014.
@article{4294781,
  abstract     = {{Dothideomycetes is one of the most ecologically diverse and economically important classes of fungi. Sexual reproduction in this group is governed by mating type (MAT) genes at the MAT1 locus. Self-sterile (heterothallic) species contain one of two genes at MAT1 (MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1) and only isolates of opposite mating type are sexually compatible. In contrast, self-fertile (homothallic) species contain both MAT genes at MAT1. Knowledge of the reproductive capacities of plant pathogens are of particular interest because recombining populations tend to be more difficult to manage in agricultural settings. In this study, we sequenced MAT1 in the heterothallic Dothideomycete fungus Cercospora beticola to gain insight into the reproductive capabilities of this important plant pathogen. In addition to the expected MAT gene at MAT1, each isolate contained fragments of both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 at ostensibly random loci across the genome. When MAT fragments from each locus were manually assembled, they reconstituted MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 exons with high identity, suggesting a retroposition event occurred in a homothallic ancestor in which both MAT genes were fused. The genome sequences of related taxa revealed that MAT gene fragment pattern of Cercospora zeae-maydis was analogous to C beticola. In contrast, the genome of more distantly related Mycosphaerella graminicola did not contain MAT fragments. Although fragments occurred in syntenic regions of the C bed cola and C zeae-maydis genomes, each MAT fragment was more closely related to the intact MAT gene of the same species. Taken together, these data suggest MAT genes fragmented after divergence of M. graminicola from the remaining taxa, and concerted evolution functioned to homogenize MAT fragments and MAT genes in each species.}},
  author       = {{Bolton, Melvin D and de Jonge, Ronnie and Inderbitzin, Patrik and Liu, Zhaohui and Birla, Keshav and Van de Peer, Yves and Subbarao, Krishna V and Thomma, Bart PHJ and Secor, Gary A}},
  issn         = {{1087-1845}},
  journal      = {{FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{DE-NOVO IDENTIFICATION,NEUROSPORA-TETRASPERMA,SEXUAL REPRODUCTION,Concerted evolution,Retroposition,MAT1-2-1,MAT1-1-1,Mating type,Cercospora,MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION,FUNGAL PATHOGENS,LOCI,SYSTEMS,RECOMBINATION,RESISTANCE,TOOL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{43--54}},
  title        = {{The heterothallic sugarbeet pathogen Cercospora beticola contains exon fragments of both MAT genes that are homogenized by concerted evolution}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2013.10.011}},
  volume       = {{62}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}
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