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Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors

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Abstract
Background: Television (TV) viewing, a prevalent leisure-time sedentary behaviour independently related to negative health outcomes, appears to be higher in less educated and older adults. In order to tackle the social inequalities, evidence is needed about the underlying mechanisms of the association between education and TV viewing. The present purpose was to examine the potential mediating role of personal, social and physical environmental factors in the relationship between education and TV viewing among Australian 55-65 year-old adults. Methods: In 2010, self-reported data was collected among 4082 adults (47.6% men) across urban and rural areas of Victoria, for the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study. The mediating role of personal (body mass index [BMI], quality of life), social (social support from family and friends, social participation at proximal level, and interpersonal trust, social cohesion, personal safety at distal level) and physical environmental (neighbourhood aesthetics, neighbourhood physical activity environment, number of televisions) factors in the association between education and TV viewing time was examined using the product-of-coefficients test of MacKinnon based on multilevel linear regression analyses (conducted in 2012). Results: Multiple mediating analyses showed that BMI (p <= 0.01), personal safety (p < 0.001), neighbourhood aesthetics (p <= 0.01) and number of televisions (p <= 0.01) partly explained the educational inequalities in older adult's TV viewing. No proximal social factors mediated the education-TV viewing association. Conclusions: Interventions aimed to reduce TV viewing should focus on personal (BMI) and environmental (personal safety, neighbourhood aesthetics, number of televisions) factors, in order to overcome educational inequalities in sedentary behaviour among older adults.
Keywords
Sitting, Older adults, Education, Cohort study, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR, SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, AUSTRALIAN ADULTS, DISEASE RISK, US ADULTS, TIME, ASSOCIATIONS, HEALTH, NEIGHBORHOODS

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MLA
De Cocker, Katrien, et al. “Educational Inequalities in TV Viewing among Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of Ecological Factors.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, vol. 10, no. 1, 2013, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-138.
APA
De Cocker, K., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Teychenne, M., McNaughton, S., & Salmon, J. (2013). Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-138
Chicago author-date
De Cocker, Katrien, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Megan Teychenne, Sarah McNaughton, and Jo Salmon. 2013. “Educational Inequalities in TV Viewing among Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of Ecological Factors.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-138.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Cocker, Katrien, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Megan Teychenne, Sarah McNaughton, and Jo Salmon. 2013. “Educational Inequalities in TV Viewing among Older Adults: A Mediation Analysis of Ecological Factors.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 10 (1). doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-138.
Vancouver
1.
De Cocker K, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Teychenne M, McNaughton S, Salmon J. Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. 2013;10(1).
IEEE
[1]
K. De Cocker, I. De Bourdeaudhuij, M. Teychenne, S. McNaughton, and J. Salmon, “Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, vol. 10, no. 1, 2013.
@article{4266115,
  abstract     = {{Background: Television (TV) viewing, a prevalent leisure-time sedentary behaviour independently related to negative health outcomes, appears to be higher in less educated and older adults. In order to tackle the social inequalities, evidence is needed about the underlying mechanisms of the association between education and TV viewing. The present purpose was to examine the potential mediating role of personal, social and physical environmental factors in the relationship between education and TV viewing among Australian 55-65 year-old adults.
Methods: In 2010, self-reported data was collected among 4082 adults (47.6% men) across urban and rural areas of Victoria, for the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study. The mediating role of personal (body mass index [BMI], quality of life), social (social support from family and friends, social participation at proximal level, and interpersonal trust, social cohesion, personal safety at distal level) and physical environmental (neighbourhood aesthetics, neighbourhood physical activity environment, number of televisions) factors in the association between education and TV viewing time was examined using the product-of-coefficients test of MacKinnon based on multilevel linear regression analyses (conducted in 2012).
Results: Multiple mediating analyses showed that BMI (p <= 0.01), personal safety (p < 0.001), neighbourhood aesthetics (p <= 0.01) and number of televisions (p <= 0.01) partly explained the educational inequalities in older adult's TV viewing. No proximal social factors mediated the education-TV viewing association.
Conclusions: Interventions aimed to reduce TV viewing should focus on personal (BMI) and environmental (personal safety, neighbourhood aesthetics, number of televisions) factors, in order to overcome educational inequalities in sedentary behaviour among older adults.}},
  articleno    = {{138}},
  author       = {{De Cocker, Katrien and De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse and Teychenne, Megan and McNaughton, Sarah and Salmon, Jo}},
  issn         = {{1479-5868}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY}},
  keywords     = {{Sitting,Older adults,Education,Cohort study,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY,SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS,AUSTRALIAN ADULTS,DISEASE RISK,US ADULTS,TIME,ASSOCIATIONS,HEALTH,NEIGHBORHOODS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-138}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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