@article{4253556,
  abstract     = {{Fetal macrosomia is a risk factor for the development of obesity late in childhood. We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between maternal conditions associated with fetal macrosomia and actual overweight/obesity in the European cohort of children participating in the IDEFICS study. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure and plasma lipids and glucose were measured. Socio-demographic data, medical history and perinatal factors, familiar and gestational history, maternal and/or gestational diabetes were assessed by a questionnaire. Variables of interest were reported for 10,468 children (M/F = 5,294/5,174; age 6.0 +/- A 1.8 years, M +/- A SD). The sample was divided in four groups according to child birth weight (BW) and maternal diabetes: (1) adequate for gestational age offspring (BW between the 10th and 90th percentiles for gestational age) of mothers without diabetes (AGA-ND); (2) adequate for gestational age offspring of mothers with diabetes (AGA-D); (3) macrosomic offspring (BW > 90th percentile for gestational age) of mothers without diabetes (Macro-ND); (4) macrosomic offspring of mothers with diabetes (Macro-D). Children macrosomic at birth showed significantly higher actual values of body mass index, waist circumference, and sum of skinfold thickness. In both boys and girls, Macro-ND was an independent determinant of overweight/obesity, after the adjustment for confounders [Boys: OR = 1.7 95 % CI (1.3;2.2); Girls: OR = 1.6 95 % CI (1.3;2.0)], while Macro-D showed a significant association only in girls [OR = 2.6 95 % CI (1.1;6.4)]. Fetal macrosomia, also in the absence of maternal/gestational diabetes, is independently associated with the development of overweight/obesity during childhood. Improving the understanding of fetal programming will contribute to the early prevention of childhood overweight/obesity.}},
  author       = {{Sparano, Sonia and Ahrens, Wolfgang and De Henauw, Stefaan and Marild, Staffan and Molnar, Denes and Moreno, Luis A and Suling, Marc and Tornaritis, Michael and Veidebaum, Toomas and Siani, Alfonso and Russo, Paola}},
  issn         = {{1092-7875}},
  journal      = {{MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{Gestational diabetes,Fetal macrosomia,Childhood obesity,Gestational weight gain,IDEFICS,BODY-MASS INDEX,METABOLIC SYNDROME,CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT,FETAL MACROSOMIA,RISK-FACTORS,OBESITY,ADOLESCENTS,ORIGINS,WEIGHT,MULTICENTER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1373--1381}},
  title        = {{Being macrosomic at birth is an independent predictor of overweight in children: results from the IDEFICS study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1136-2}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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