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Children of non-Western origin with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany have impaired health-related quality of life compared with Western children

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Abstract
Background. Many children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) living in Western Europe are of non-Western European origin. They have unfavourable somatic outcomes compared with ESRD children of Western origin. In this study, we compared the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of both groups. Methods. All children (5-18 years) with ESRD included in the RICH-Q project (Renal Insufficiency therapy in Children-Quality assessment and improvement) or their parents were asked to complete the generic version of the Paediatric Quality-of-Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL). RICH-Q comprises the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany. Children were considered to be of non-Western origin if they or at least one parent was born outside Western-European countries. Impaired HRQoL for children with ESRD of Western or non-Western origin was defined as a PedsQL score less than fifth percentile for healthy Dutch children of Western or non-Western origin, respectively. Results. Of the 259 eligible children, 230 agreed to participate. One hundred and seventy-four children responded (response rate 67%) and 55 (32%) were of non-Western origin. Overall, 31 (56%) of the ESRD children of non-Western origin, and 58 (49%) of Western origin had an impaired total HRQoL score. Total HRQoL scores of children with ESRD of Western origin and non-Western origin were comparable, but scores on emotional functioning and school functioning were lower in non-Western origin (P = 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for ESRD children of non-Western origin to have impaired emotional functioning and school functioning, compared with Western origin, were 3.3(1.5-7.1) and 2.2(1.1-4.2), respectively. Conclusion. Children with ESRD of non-Western origin in three Western countries were found to be at risk for impaired HRQoL on emotional and school functioning. These children warrant special attention.
Keywords
non-Western origin, end-stage renal disease, paediatric nephrology, PedsQL, CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE, PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT, SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS, PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS, DIALYSIS TREATMENT, IMMIGRANTS, OUTCOMES, PEDSQL, DUTCH, ESRD

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MLA
Schoenmaker, Nikki J., et al. “Children of Non-Western Origin with End-Stage Renal Disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a Part of Germany Have Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life Compared with Western Children.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 29, no. 2, 2014, pp. 448–57, doi:10.1093/ndt/gft436.
APA
Schoenmaker, N. J., Haverman, L., Tromp, W. F., van der Lee, J. H., Offringa, M., Adams, B., … Groothoff, J. W. (2014). Children of non-Western origin with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany have impaired health-related quality of life compared with Western children. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, 29(2), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft436
Chicago author-date
Schoenmaker, Nikki J, Lotte Haverman, Wilma F Tromp, Johanna H van der Lee, Martin Offringa, Brigitte Adams, Antonia HM Bouts, et al. 2014. “Children of Non-Western Origin with End-Stage Renal Disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a Part of Germany Have Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life Compared with Western Children.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 29 (2): 448–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft436.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Schoenmaker, Nikki J, Lotte Haverman, Wilma F Tromp, Johanna H van der Lee, Martin Offringa, Brigitte Adams, Antonia HM Bouts, Laure Collard, Karlien Cransberg, Maria van Dyck, Nathalie Godefroid, Koenraad van Hoeck, Linda Koster-Kamphuis, Marc R Lilien, Ann Raes, Christina Taylan, Martha A Grootenhuis, and Jaap W Groothoff. 2014. “Children of Non-Western Origin with End-Stage Renal Disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a Part of Germany Have Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life Compared with Western Children.” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 29 (2): 448–457. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft436.
Vancouver
1.
Schoenmaker NJ, Haverman L, Tromp WF, van der Lee JH, Offringa M, Adams B, et al. Children of non-Western origin with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany have impaired health-related quality of life compared with Western children. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION. 2014;29(2):448–57.
IEEE
[1]
N. J. Schoenmaker et al., “Children of non-Western origin with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany have impaired health-related quality of life compared with Western children,” NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 448–457, 2014.
@article{4252438,
  abstract     = {{Background. Many children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) living in Western Europe are of non-Western European origin. They have unfavourable somatic outcomes compared with ESRD children of Western origin. In this study, we compared the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of both groups.
Methods. All children (5-18 years) with ESRD included in the RICH-Q project (Renal Insufficiency therapy in Children-Quality assessment and improvement) or their parents were asked to complete the generic version of the Paediatric Quality-of-Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL). RICH-Q comprises the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany. Children were considered to be of non-Western origin if they or at least one parent was born outside Western-European countries. Impaired HRQoL for children with ESRD of Western or non-Western origin was defined as a PedsQL score less than fifth percentile for healthy Dutch children of Western or non-Western origin, respectively.
Results. Of the 259 eligible children, 230 agreed to participate. One hundred and seventy-four children responded (response rate 67%) and 55 (32%) were of non-Western origin. Overall, 31 (56%) of the ESRD children of non-Western origin, and 58 (49%) of Western origin had an impaired total HRQoL score. Total HRQoL scores of children with ESRD of Western origin and non-Western origin were comparable, but scores on emotional functioning and school functioning were lower in non-Western origin (P = 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for ESRD children of non-Western origin to have impaired emotional functioning and school functioning, compared with Western origin, were 3.3(1.5-7.1) and 2.2(1.1-4.2), respectively.
Conclusion. Children with ESRD of non-Western origin in three Western countries were found to be at risk for impaired HRQoL on emotional and school functioning. These children warrant special attention.}},
  author       = {{Schoenmaker, Nikki J and Haverman, Lotte and Tromp, Wilma F and van der Lee, Johanna H and Offringa, Martin and Adams, Brigitte and Bouts, Antonia HM and Collard, Laure and Cransberg, Karlien and van Dyck, Maria and Godefroid, Nathalie and van Hoeck, Koenraad and Koster-Kamphuis, Linda and Lilien, Marc R and Raes, Ann and Taylan, Christina and Grootenhuis, Martha A and Groothoff, Jaap W}},
  issn         = {{0931-0509}},
  journal      = {{NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION}},
  keywords     = {{non-Western origin,end-stage renal disease,paediatric nephrology,PedsQL,CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE,PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT,SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS,PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS,DIALYSIS TREATMENT,IMMIGRANTS,OUTCOMES,PEDSQL,DUTCH,ESRD}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{448--457}},
  title        = {{Children of non-Western origin with end-stage renal disease in the Netherlands, Belgium and a part of Germany have impaired health-related quality of life compared with Western children}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft436}},
  volume       = {{29}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}

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