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Rapid enigmatic decline drives the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) to the edge of extinction in the Netherlands

(2013) AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA. 34(2). p.233-239
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Abstract
In the Netherlands, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is at the edge of its geographic range and is restricted to three small populations in the extreme south of the country. Despite the species being listed as 'Endangered' on the national Red List, the situation was considered to be stable. However, from 2008 onwards dead individuals were seen on more than one occasion. A sharp decline in numbers has been observed since 2010 (96%; P < 0.01), but we were unable to attribute this to any known cause of amphibian decline, such as chytridiomycosis, ranavirus or habitat degradation. The present work describes this enigmatic decline, and we discuss these results in the context of possible causes.
Keywords
COMPLEXITY, NITRATE TOXICITY, SURVIVAL, INFECTIOUS-DISEASE, AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES, terrestrial salamanders, Salamandra salamandra, enigmatic decline, mortality, local extinction, GROWTH

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Citation

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MLA
van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke, et al. “Rapid Enigmatic Decline Drives the Fire Salamander (Salamandra Salamandra) to the Edge of Extinction in the Netherlands.” AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, vol. 34, no. 2, 2013, pp. 233–39, doi:10.1163/15685381-00002891.
APA
van der Sluijs, A. M., Spikmans, F., Bosman, W., de Zeeuw, M., van der Meij, T., Goverse, E., … Martel, A. (2013). Rapid enigmatic decline drives the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) to the edge of extinction in the Netherlands. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, 34(2), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002891
Chicago author-date
Sluijs, Adriana Marieke van der, Frank Spikmans, Wilbert Bosman, Marnix de Zeeuw, Tom van der Meij, Edo Goverse, Marja Kik, Frank Pasmans, and An Martel. 2013. “Rapid Enigmatic Decline Drives the Fire Salamander (Salamandra Salamandra) to the Edge of Extinction in the Netherlands.” AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 34 (2): 233–39. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002891.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke, Frank Spikmans, Wilbert Bosman, Marnix de Zeeuw, Tom van der Meij, Edo Goverse, Marja Kik, Frank Pasmans, and An Martel. 2013. “Rapid Enigmatic Decline Drives the Fire Salamander (Salamandra Salamandra) to the Edge of Extinction in the Netherlands.” AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 34 (2): 233–239. doi:10.1163/15685381-00002891.
Vancouver
1.
van der Sluijs AM, Spikmans F, Bosman W, de Zeeuw M, van der Meij T, Goverse E, et al. Rapid enigmatic decline drives the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) to the edge of extinction in the Netherlands. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA. 2013;34(2):233–9.
IEEE
[1]
A. M. van der Sluijs et al., “Rapid enigmatic decline drives the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) to the edge of extinction in the Netherlands,” AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 233–239, 2013.
@article{4247717,
  abstract     = {{In the Netherlands, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is at the edge of its geographic range and is restricted to three small populations in the extreme south of the country. Despite the species being listed as 'Endangered' on the national Red List, the situation was considered to be stable. However, from 2008 onwards dead individuals were seen on more than one occasion. A sharp decline in numbers has been observed since 2010 (96%; P < 0.01), but we were unable to attribute this to any known cause of amphibian decline, such as chytridiomycosis, ranavirus or habitat degradation. The present work describes this enigmatic decline, and we discuss these results in the context of possible causes.}},
  author       = {{van der Sluijs, Adriana Marieke and Spikmans, Frank and Bosman, Wilbert and de Zeeuw, Marnix and van der Meij, Tom and Goverse, Edo and Kik, Marja and Pasmans, Frank and Martel, An}},
  issn         = {{0173-5373}},
  journal      = {{AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA}},
  keywords     = {{COMPLEXITY,NITRATE TOXICITY,SURVIVAL,INFECTIOUS-DISEASE,AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES,terrestrial salamanders,Salamandra salamandra,enigmatic decline,mortality,local extinction,GROWTH}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{233--239}},
  title        = {{Rapid enigmatic decline drives the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) to the edge of extinction in the Netherlands}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002891}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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