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A 3D-CT scan study of the humeral and glenoid planes in 150 normal shoulders

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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the normal three-dimensional relationship between the humeral and the glenoid plane of the individual patient. We measured the three-dimensional angle between the glenoid plane and the humeral plane (glenohumeral angle, A degrees GH) and the angle between the plane of the scapula and the plane of the glenoid (glenoscapular angle, A degrees GS) with the patient in a standardized position to the CT scan gantry. We hypothesized that a normal distribution with a small variation would exist for both angles. A total of 150 conventional CT scans of normal shoulders from patients aged between 18 and 80 years were examined and three-dimensional reconstructions were derived from it. The descriptive statistics and the variability of A degrees GH and A degrees GS were determined. The mean A degrees GH was 57.9A degrees, and the mean A degrees GS was -3.77A degrees. The overall reliability of the measurement was good. Descriptive statistics of this study confirm the normal distribution and a narrow variation of both parameters. This is the first study to determine the normal 3D relationship between the humerus and the glenoid (A degrees GH). This new three-dimensional anatomical information of the normal glenohumeral relationship and glenoid can be used to distinguish normal from pathological anatomy, as well as alternative surgical guidance especially in bony deficient glenoids.
Keywords
3D-CT scan, Glenohumeral relationship, Glenoid plane, Scapular plane, Humeral plane, PROSTHETIC DESIGN, ARTHROPLASTY, SURGICAL TECHNIQUE, SCAPULA, VERSION, PROXIMAL HUMERUS, REPLACEMENT, NAVIGATION, OSTEOARTHRITIS, GEOMETRY

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MLA
De Wilde, Lieven, et al. “A 3D-CT Scan Study of the Humeral and Glenoid Planes in 150 Normal Shoulders.” SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY, vol. 34, no. 8, 2012, pp. 743–50, doi:10.1007/s00276-011-0836-4.
APA
De Wilde, L., Defoort, S., Verstraeten, T., Speeckaert, W., & Debeer, P. (2012). A 3D-CT scan study of the humeral and glenoid planes in 150 normal shoulders. SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY, 34(8), 743–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0836-4
Chicago author-date
De Wilde, Lieven, Saartje Defoort, Tom Verstraeten, Wendy Speeckaert, and Philippe Debeer. 2012. “A 3D-CT Scan Study of the Humeral and Glenoid Planes in 150 Normal Shoulders.” SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY 34 (8): 743–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0836-4.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Wilde, Lieven, Saartje Defoort, Tom Verstraeten, Wendy Speeckaert, and Philippe Debeer. 2012. “A 3D-CT Scan Study of the Humeral and Glenoid Planes in 150 Normal Shoulders.” SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY 34 (8): 743–750. doi:10.1007/s00276-011-0836-4.
Vancouver
1.
De Wilde L, Defoort S, Verstraeten T, Speeckaert W, Debeer P. A 3D-CT scan study of the humeral and glenoid planes in 150 normal shoulders. SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY. 2012;34(8):743–50.
IEEE
[1]
L. De Wilde, S. Defoort, T. Verstraeten, W. Speeckaert, and P. Debeer, “A 3D-CT scan study of the humeral and glenoid planes in 150 normal shoulders,” SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 743–750, 2012.
@article{4216458,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of the study was to determine the normal three-dimensional relationship between the humeral and the glenoid plane of the individual patient. We measured the three-dimensional angle between the glenoid plane and the humeral plane (glenohumeral angle, A degrees GH) and the angle between the plane of the scapula and the plane of the glenoid (glenoscapular angle, A degrees GS) with the patient in a standardized position to the CT scan gantry. We hypothesized that a normal distribution with a small variation would exist for both angles.
A total of 150 conventional CT scans of normal shoulders from patients aged between 18 and 80 years were examined and three-dimensional reconstructions were derived from it. The descriptive statistics and the variability of A degrees GH and A degrees GS were determined.
The mean A degrees GH was 57.9A degrees, and the mean A degrees GS was -3.77A degrees. The overall reliability of the measurement was good. Descriptive statistics of this study confirm the normal distribution and a narrow variation of both parameters.
This is the first study to determine the normal 3D relationship between the humerus and the glenoid (A degrees GH). This new three-dimensional anatomical information of the normal glenohumeral relationship and glenoid can be used to distinguish normal from pathological anatomy, as well as alternative surgical guidance especially in bony deficient glenoids.}},
  author       = {{De Wilde, Lieven and Defoort, Saartje and Verstraeten, Tom and Speeckaert, Wendy and Debeer, Philippe}},
  issn         = {{0930-1038}},
  journal      = {{SURGICAL AND RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY}},
  keywords     = {{3D-CT scan,Glenohumeral relationship,Glenoid plane,Scapular plane,Humeral plane,PROSTHETIC DESIGN,ARTHROPLASTY,SURGICAL TECHNIQUE,SCAPULA,VERSION,PROXIMAL HUMERUS,REPLACEMENT,NAVIGATION,OSTEOARTHRITIS,GEOMETRY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{743--750}},
  title        = {{A 3D-CT scan study of the humeral and glenoid planes in 150 normal shoulders}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-011-0836-4}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

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