Do CS-US pairings actually matter? A within-subject comparison of instructed fear conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings
- Author
- An Raes (UGent) , Jan De Houwer (UGent) , Maarten De Schryver (UGent) , Marcel Brass (UGent) and R Kalisch
- Organization
- Abstract
- Previous research showed that instructions about CS-US pairings can lead to fear of the CS even when the pairings are never presented. In the present study, we examined whether the experience of CS-US pairings adds to the effect of instructions by comparing instructed conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings in a within-subject design. Thirty-two participants saw three fractals as CSs (CS(+)1, CS(+)2, CS-) and received electric shocks as USs. Before the start of a so-called training phase, participants were instructed that both CS(+)1 and CS(+)2 would be followed by the US, but only CS(+)1 was actually paired with the US. The absence of the US after CS(+)2 was explained in such a way that participants would not doubt the instructions about the CS(+)2-US relation. After the training phase, a test phase was carried out. In this phase, participants expected the US after both CS+s but none of the CS(+)s was actually paired with the US. During test, self-reported fear was initially higher for CS(+)1 than for CS(+)2, which indicates that the experience of actual CS-US pairings adds to instructions about these pairings. On the other hand, the CS(+)s elicited similar skin conductance responses and US expectancies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
- Keywords
- PHOBIAS, ORIGINS, CHILDREN, VERBAL INFORMATION PATHWAY, SKIN-CONDUCTANCE, ACQUISITION, CHILDHOOD FEARS, PARADIGM, ANXIETY, ETIOLOGY
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4213449
- MLA
- Raes, An, et al. “Do CS-US Pairings Actually Matter? A within-Subject Comparison of Instructed Fear Conditioning with and without Actual CS-US Pairings.” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084888.
- APA
- Raes, A., De Houwer, J., De Schryver, M., Brass, M., & Kalisch, R. (2014). Do CS-US pairings actually matter? A within-subject comparison of instructed fear conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings. PLOS ONE, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084888
- Chicago author-date
- Raes, An, Jan De Houwer, Maarten De Schryver, Marcel Brass, and R Kalisch. 2014. “Do CS-US Pairings Actually Matter? A within-Subject Comparison of Instructed Fear Conditioning with and without Actual CS-US Pairings.” PLOS ONE 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084888.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Raes, An, Jan De Houwer, Maarten De Schryver, Marcel Brass, and R Kalisch. 2014. “Do CS-US Pairings Actually Matter? A within-Subject Comparison of Instructed Fear Conditioning with and without Actual CS-US Pairings.” PLOS ONE 9 (1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084888.
- Vancouver
- 1.Raes A, De Houwer J, De Schryver M, Brass M, Kalisch R. Do CS-US pairings actually matter? A within-subject comparison of instructed fear conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(1).
- IEEE
- [1]A. Raes, J. De Houwer, M. De Schryver, M. Brass, and R. Kalisch, “Do CS-US pairings actually matter? A within-subject comparison of instructed fear conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings,” PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014.
@article{4213449, abstract = {{Previous research showed that instructions about CS-US pairings can lead to fear of the CS even when the pairings are never presented. In the present study, we examined whether the experience of CS-US pairings adds to the effect of instructions by comparing instructed conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings in a within-subject design. Thirty-two participants saw three fractals as CSs (CS(+)1, CS(+)2, CS-) and received electric shocks as USs. Before the start of a so-called training phase, participants were instructed that both CS(+)1 and CS(+)2 would be followed by the US, but only CS(+)1 was actually paired with the US. The absence of the US after CS(+)2 was explained in such a way that participants would not doubt the instructions about the CS(+)2-US relation. After the training phase, a test phase was carried out. In this phase, participants expected the US after both CS+s but none of the CS(+)s was actually paired with the US. During test, self-reported fear was initially higher for CS(+)1 than for CS(+)2, which indicates that the experience of actual CS-US pairings adds to instructions about these pairings. On the other hand, the CS(+)s elicited similar skin conductance responses and US expectancies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.}}, articleno = {{e84888}}, author = {{Raes, An and De Houwer, Jan and De Schryver, Maarten and Brass, Marcel and Kalisch, R}}, issn = {{1932-6203}}, journal = {{PLOS ONE}}, keywords = {{PHOBIAS,ORIGINS,CHILDREN,VERBAL INFORMATION PATHWAY,SKIN-CONDUCTANCE,ACQUISITION,CHILDHOOD FEARS,PARADIGM,ANXIETY,ETIOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{33}}, title = {{Do CS-US pairings actually matter? A within-subject comparison of instructed fear conditioning with and without actual CS-US pairings}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084888}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2014}}, }
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