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HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : modelling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies

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Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that the vertical structure of disc galaxies is a key ingredient for understanding galaxy evolution. In particular, the presence and structure of extra-planar gas has been a focus of research. The Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS (HALOGAS) survey aims to provide a census on the rate of cold neutral gas accretion in nearby galaxies as well as a statistically significant set of galaxies that can be investigated for their extra-planar gas properties. In order to better understand the vertical structure of the neutral hydrogen in the two edge-on HALOGAS galaxies NGC 5023 and UGC 2082, we construct detailed tilted ring models. The addition of distortions resembling arcs or spiral arms significantly improves the fit of the models to these galaxies. In the case of UGC 2082, no vertical gradient in rotational velocity is required in either symmetric models nor non-symmetric models to match the observations. The best-fitting model features two arcs of large vertical extent that may be due to accretion. In the case of NGC 5023, a vertical gradient is required in symmetric models (dV/dz = -14.9 +/- 3.8 km s(-1) kpc(-1)) and its magnitude is significantly lowered when non-symmetric models are considered (dV/dz = -9.4 +/- 3.8 km s(-1) kpc(-1)). Additionally, it is shown that the underlying disc of NGC 5023 can be made symmetric, in all parameters except the warp, in non-symmetric models. In comparison to the 'classical' modelling, these models fit the data significantly better with a limited addition of free parameters.
Keywords
galaxies: individual: NGC 5023, galaxies: haloes, galaxies: individual: UGC 2082, galaxies: ISM, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, galaxies: structure, DIFFUSE IONIZED-GAS, HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS, EXTRA-PLANAR GAS, FIELD UNIT OBSERVATIONS, SPIRAL GALAXIES, DISK GALAXIES, NEUTRAL HYDROGEN, INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM, HI OBSERVATIONS, STAR-FORMATION

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MLA
Kamphuis, P., et al. “HALOGAS Observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : Modelling of Non-Cylindrically Symmetric Gas Distributions in Edge-on Galaxies.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 434, no. 3, 2013, pp. 2069–93, doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1153.
APA
Kamphuis, P., Rand, R., Józsa, G., Zschaechner, L., Heald, G., Patterson, M., … de Blok, W. (2013). HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : modelling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 434(3), 2069–2093. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1153
Chicago author-date
Kamphuis, P, RJ Rand, GIG Józsa, LK Zschaechner, GH Heald, MT Patterson, Gianfranco Gentile, RAM Walterbos, P Serra, and WJG de Blok. 2013. “HALOGAS Observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : Modelling of Non-Cylindrically Symmetric Gas Distributions in Edge-on Galaxies.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 434 (3): 2069–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1153.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Kamphuis, P, RJ Rand, GIG Józsa, LK Zschaechner, GH Heald, MT Patterson, Gianfranco Gentile, RAM Walterbos, P Serra, and WJG de Blok. 2013. “HALOGAS Observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : Modelling of Non-Cylindrically Symmetric Gas Distributions in Edge-on Galaxies.” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 434 (3): 2069–2093. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1153.
Vancouver
1.
Kamphuis P, Rand R, Józsa G, Zschaechner L, Heald G, Patterson M, et al. HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : modelling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. 2013;434(3):2069–93.
IEEE
[1]
P. Kamphuis et al., “HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : modelling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies,” MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 434, no. 3, pp. 2069–2093, 2013.
@article{4092201,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, it has become clear that the vertical structure of disc galaxies is a key ingredient for understanding galaxy evolution. In particular, the presence and structure of extra-planar gas has been a focus of research. The Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS (HALOGAS) survey aims to provide a census on the rate of cold neutral gas accretion in nearby galaxies as well as a statistically significant set of galaxies that can be investigated for their extra-planar gas properties. In order to better understand the vertical structure of the neutral hydrogen in the two edge-on HALOGAS galaxies NGC 5023 and UGC 2082, we construct detailed tilted ring models. The addition of distortions resembling arcs or spiral arms significantly improves the fit of the models to these galaxies. In the case of UGC 2082, no vertical gradient in rotational velocity is required in either symmetric models nor non-symmetric models to match the observations. The best-fitting model features two arcs of large vertical extent that may be due to accretion. In the case of NGC 5023, a vertical gradient is required in symmetric models (dV/dz = -14.9 +/- 3.8 km s(-1) kpc(-1)) and its magnitude is significantly lowered when non-symmetric models are considered (dV/dz = -9.4 +/- 3.8 km s(-1) kpc(-1)). Additionally, it is shown that the underlying disc of NGC 5023 can be made symmetric, in all parameters except the warp, in non-symmetric models. In comparison to the 'classical' modelling, these models fit the data significantly better with a limited addition of free parameters.}},
  author       = {{Kamphuis, P and Rand, RJ and Józsa, GIG and Zschaechner, LK and Heald, GH and Patterson, MT and Gentile, Gianfranco and Walterbos, RAM and Serra, P and de Blok, WJG}},
  issn         = {{0035-8711}},
  journal      = {{MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY}},
  keywords     = {{galaxies: individual: NGC 5023,galaxies: haloes,galaxies: individual: UGC 2082,galaxies: ISM,galaxies: kinematics and dynamics,galaxies: structure,DIFFUSE IONIZED-GAS,HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS,EXTRA-PLANAR GAS,FIELD UNIT OBSERVATIONS,SPIRAL GALAXIES,DISK GALAXIES,NEUTRAL HYDROGEN,INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM,HI OBSERVATIONS,STAR-FORMATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{2069--2093}},
  title        = {{HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 : modelling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1153}},
  volume       = {{434}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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