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God and Caesar in the democratic republic of Congo: negotiating church-state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa's Catholic schools

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Abstract
This article argues that state (re)construction and functioning involves negotiated governance between both state and non-state actors, in which power relations between local actors are not just implicitly present or co-influencing policies but are of uttermost importance to the formation of policy and state. One of the main non-state actors in African service delivery is the church. State and church are two major poles of power which determine through negotiation large domains of service delivery, such as education. We discuss a major attempt by the Catholic Church to reform the school-fee system in Kinshasa (DRC). The attempt largely failed, but its analysis reveals the political capabilities of different actors involved. The arrangements of state and non-state actors largely evolve in a roundabout way, not at all along the lines of an explicit negotiation process, and are very much determined by local-level governance instead of higher-level policies.
Keywords
education sector, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), WAR, GOVERNANCE, POLITICS, AFRICA, state, AUTHORITY, governance, church, STATE FAILURE

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MLA
Titeca, Kristof, et al. “God and Caesar in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Negotiating Church-State Relations through the Management of School Fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic Schools.” REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY, vol. 40, no. 135, 2013, pp. 115–30, doi:10.1080/03056244.2012.761963.
APA
Titeca, K., De Herdt, T., & Wagemakers, I. (2013). God and Caesar in the democratic republic of Congo: negotiating church-state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic schools. REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY, 40(135), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2012.761963
Chicago author-date
Titeca, Kristof, Tom De Herdt, and Inge Wagemakers. 2013. “God and Caesar in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Negotiating Church-State Relations through the Management of School Fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic Schools.” REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY 40 (135): 115–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2012.761963.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Titeca, Kristof, Tom De Herdt, and Inge Wagemakers. 2013. “God and Caesar in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Negotiating Church-State Relations through the Management of School Fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic Schools.” REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY 40 (135): 115–130. doi:10.1080/03056244.2012.761963.
Vancouver
1.
Titeca K, De Herdt T, Wagemakers I. God and Caesar in the democratic republic of Congo: negotiating church-state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic schools. REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY. 2013;40(135):115–30.
IEEE
[1]
K. Titeca, T. De Herdt, and I. Wagemakers, “God and Caesar in the democratic republic of Congo: negotiating church-state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic schools,” REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY, vol. 40, no. 135, pp. 115–130, 2013.
@article{4086812,
  abstract     = {{This article argues that state (re)construction and functioning involves negotiated governance between both state and non-state actors, in which power relations between local actors are not just implicitly present or co-influencing policies but are of uttermost importance to the formation of policy and state. One of the main non-state actors in African service delivery is the church. State and church are two major poles of power which determine through negotiation large domains of service delivery, such as education. We discuss a major attempt by the Catholic Church to reform the school-fee system in Kinshasa (DRC). The attempt largely failed, but its analysis reveals the political capabilities of different actors involved. The arrangements of state and non-state actors largely evolve in a roundabout way, not at all along the lines of an explicit negotiation process, and are very much determined by local-level governance instead of higher-level policies.}},
  author       = {{Titeca, Kristof and De Herdt, Tom and Wagemakers, Inge}},
  issn         = {{0305-6244}},
  journal      = {{REVIEW OF AFRICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY}},
  keywords     = {{education sector,Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),WAR,GOVERNANCE,POLITICS,AFRICA,state,AUTHORITY,governance,church,STATE FAILURE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{135}},
  pages        = {{115--130}},
  title        = {{God and Caesar in the democratic republic of Congo: negotiating church-state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa's Catholic schools}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2012.761963}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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