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Molecular characterization and cyst-cell size relationships in the globally distributed yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum

Kenneth Mertens (UGent) , Yoshihito Takano, Kazumi Matsuoka, Vera Pospelova, Consuelo Carbonell-Moore, Karl Andree, Margarita Fernandez, Marianne Ellegaard, Kazuhiko Koike, Andre Rochon, et al.
(2013) GEOHAB : global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. p.60-61
Author
Organization
Abstract
Preliminary results of morphological and molecular analysis of the yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1858) Bütschli 1885 are presented. Body size was measured for up to 50 specimens encountered in 34 globally distributed plankton samples. When possible, these measurements were compared to the body diameter of 50 cysts of P. reticulatum extracted from surface sediment at the same locations. The average body length of theca and average body diameter of cyst were found to be significantly correlated (R2= 0.83). A global distribution map of cyst body diameters from 609 surface sediment samples shows that the largest cysts are to be found in South Africa, Chile, British Columbia (Canada), Laptev Sea and southern Greenland. Some of these locations with large cysts coincide with locations where high cell concentrations of P. reticulatum have been recorded, in particular South Africa, Chile and British Columbia. It is therefore possible that strains forming these large cysts and cells might be responsible for toxic outbreaks of this species. We also sequenced some cysts or thecate cells germinated from cysts (LSU, SSU and ITS rDNA). This molecular data reveals that although the LSU and SSU sequences are identical for the sequenced individuals, there are significant differences in the ITS sequences of this species and currently we are reinvestigating cultures to link these molecular differences to morphological variations and toxin production. Samples from Florida and Yucatan contained Protoceratium cf. globosum and no Protoceratium reticulatum.

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MLA
Mertens, Kenneth, et al. “Molecular Characterization and Cyst-Cell Size Relationships in the Globally Distributed Yessotoxin Producing Dinoflagellate Protoceratium Reticulatum.” GEOHAB : Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), 2013, pp. 60–61.
APA
Mertens, K., Takano, Y., Matsuoka, K., Pospelova, V., Carbonell-Moore, C., Andree, K., … Louwye, S. (2013). Molecular characterization and cyst-cell size relationships in the globally distributed yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum. GEOHAB : Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, 60–61. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
Chicago author-date
Mertens, Kenneth, Yoshihito Takano, Kazumi Matsuoka, Vera Pospelova, Consuelo Carbonell-Moore, Karl Andree, Margarita Fernandez, et al. 2013. “Molecular Characterization and Cyst-Cell Size Relationships in the Globally Distributed Yessotoxin Producing Dinoflagellate Protoceratium Reticulatum.” In GEOHAB : Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, 60–61. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Mertens, Kenneth, Yoshihito Takano, Kazumi Matsuoka, Vera Pospelova, Consuelo Carbonell-Moore, Karl Andree, Margarita Fernandez, Marianne Ellegaard, Kazuhiko Koike, Andre Rochon, Jennifer Wolny, Ximena Vivanco, Yuri Okolodkov, Mona Hoppenrath, Anke Kremp, and Stephen Louwye. 2013. “Molecular Characterization and Cyst-Cell Size Relationships in the Globally Distributed Yessotoxin Producing Dinoflagellate Protoceratium Reticulatum.” In GEOHAB : Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, 60–61. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
Vancouver
1.
Mertens K, Takano Y, Matsuoka K, Pospelova V, Carbonell-Moore C, Andree K, et al. Molecular characterization and cyst-cell size relationships in the globally distributed yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum. In: GEOHAB : global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); 2013. p. 60–1.
IEEE
[1]
K. Mertens et al., “Molecular characterization and cyst-cell size relationships in the globally distributed yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum,” in GEOHAB : global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms, Paris, France, 2013, pp. 60–61.
@inproceedings{3198708,
  abstract     = {{Preliminary results of morphological and molecular analysis of the yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1858) Bütschli 1885 are presented. Body size was measured for up to 50 specimens encountered in 34 globally distributed plankton samples. When possible, these measurements were compared to the body diameter of 50 cysts of P. reticulatum extracted from surface sediment at the same locations. The average body length of theca and average body diameter of cyst were found to be significantly correlated (R2= 0.83). A global distribution map of cyst body diameters from 609 surface sediment samples shows that the largest cysts are to be found in South Africa, Chile, British Columbia (Canada), Laptev Sea and southern Greenland. Some of these locations with large cysts coincide with locations where high cell concentrations of P. reticulatum have been recorded, in particular South Africa, Chile and British Columbia. It is therefore possible that strains forming these large cysts and cells might be responsible for toxic outbreaks of this species. We also sequenced some cysts or thecate cells germinated from cysts (LSU, SSU and ITS rDNA). This molecular data reveals that although the LSU and SSU sequences are identical for the sequenced individuals, there are significant differences in the ITS sequences of this species and currently we are reinvestigating cultures to link these molecular differences to morphological variations and toxin production. Samples from Florida and Yucatan contained Protoceratium cf. globosum and no Protoceratium reticulatum.}},
  author       = {{Mertens, Kenneth and Takano, Yoshihito and Matsuoka, Kazumi and Pospelova, Vera and Carbonell-Moore, Consuelo and Andree, Karl and Fernandez, Margarita and Ellegaard, Marianne and Koike, Kazuhiko and Rochon, Andre and Wolny, Jennifer and Vivanco, Ximena and Okolodkov, Yuri and Hoppenrath, Mona and Kremp, Anke and Louwye, Stephen}},
  booktitle    = {{GEOHAB : global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Paris, France}},
  pages        = {{60--61}},
  publisher    = {{United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)}},
  title        = {{Molecular characterization and cyst-cell size relationships in the globally distributed yessotoxin producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum}},
  url          = {{http://www.scor-int.org/GEOHAB_OSM_Program_Book.pdf}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}