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GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 are required for ploidy consistency of the sexual reproduction system in Arabidopsis

(2013) PLANT CELL. 25(2). p.387-403
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Abstract
In sexually reproducing plants, the meiocyte-producing archesporal cell lineage is maintained at the diploid state to consolidate the formation of haploid gametes. In search of molecular factors that regulate this ploidy consistency, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, called enlarged tetrad2 (et2), which produces tetraploid meiocytes through the stochastic occurrence of premeiotic endomitosis. Endomitotic polyploidization events were induced by alterations in cell wall formation, and similar cytokinetic defects were sporadically observed in other tissues, including cotyledons and leaves. ET2 encodes GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 (GSL8), a callose synthase that mediates the deposition of callose at developing cell plates, root hairs, and plasmodesmata. Unlike other gsl8 mutants, in which defects in cell plate formation are seedling lethal, cytokinetic defects in et2 predominantly occur in flowers and have little effect on vegetative growth and development. Similarly, mutations in STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 (SMT2), a major sterol biosynthesis enzyme, also lead to weak cytokinetic defects, primarily in the flowers. In addition, SMT2 allelic mutants also generate tetraploid meiocytes through the ectopic induction of premeiotic endomitosis. These observations demonstrate that appropriate callose and sterol biosynthesis are required for maintaining the ploidy level of the premeiotic germ lineage and that subtle defects in cytokinesis may lead to diploid gametes and polyploid offspring.
Keywords
CELL PLATE, CALLOSE SYNTHASE, PREMEIOTIC ENDOMITOSIS, HIGHER-PLANTS, DIPLOID EGGS, CYTOKINESIS, GENE, THALIANA, PROTEIN, MUTANT

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MLA
De Storme, Nico, et al. “GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 Are Required for Ploidy Consistency of the Sexual Reproduction System in Arabidopsis.” PLANT CELL, vol. 25, no. 2, 2013, pp. 387–403, doi:10.1105/tpc.112.106278.
APA
De Storme, N., De Schrijver, J., Van Criekinge, W., Wewer, V., Dörmann, P., & Geelen, D. (2013). GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 are required for ploidy consistency of the sexual reproduction system in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL, 25(2), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.106278
Chicago author-date
De Storme, Nico, Joachim De Schrijver, Wim Van Criekinge, Vera Wewer, Peter Dörmann, and Danny Geelen. 2013. “GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 Are Required for Ploidy Consistency of the Sexual Reproduction System in Arabidopsis.” PLANT CELL 25 (2): 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.106278.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Storme, Nico, Joachim De Schrijver, Wim Van Criekinge, Vera Wewer, Peter Dörmann, and Danny Geelen. 2013. “GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 Are Required for Ploidy Consistency of the Sexual Reproduction System in Arabidopsis.” PLANT CELL 25 (2): 387–403. doi:10.1105/tpc.112.106278.
Vancouver
1.
De Storme N, De Schrijver J, Van Criekinge W, Wewer V, Dörmann P, Geelen D. GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 are required for ploidy consistency of the sexual reproduction system in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL. 2013;25(2):387–403.
IEEE
[1]
N. De Storme, J. De Schrijver, W. Van Criekinge, V. Wewer, P. Dörmann, and D. Geelen, “GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 are required for ploidy consistency of the sexual reproduction system in Arabidopsis,” PLANT CELL, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 387–403, 2013.
@article{3168722,
  abstract     = {{In sexually reproducing plants, the meiocyte-producing archesporal cell lineage is maintained at the diploid state to consolidate the formation of haploid gametes. In search of molecular factors that regulate this ploidy consistency, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, called enlarged tetrad2 (et2), which produces tetraploid meiocytes through the stochastic occurrence of premeiotic endomitosis. Endomitotic polyploidization events were induced by alterations in cell wall formation, and similar cytokinetic defects were sporadically observed in other tissues, including cotyledons and leaves. ET2 encodes GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 (GSL8), a callose synthase that mediates the deposition of callose at developing cell plates, root hairs, and plasmodesmata. Unlike other gsl8 mutants, in which defects in cell plate formation are seedling lethal, cytokinetic defects in et2 predominantly occur in flowers and have little effect on vegetative growth and development. Similarly, mutations in STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 (SMT2), a major sterol biosynthesis enzyme, also lead to weak cytokinetic defects, primarily in the flowers. In addition, SMT2 allelic mutants also generate tetraploid meiocytes through the ectopic induction of premeiotic endomitosis. These observations demonstrate that appropriate callose and sterol biosynthesis are required for maintaining the ploidy level of the premeiotic germ lineage and that subtle defects in cytokinesis may lead to diploid gametes and polyploid offspring.}},
  author       = {{De Storme, Nico and De Schrijver, Joachim and Van Criekinge, Wim and Wewer, Vera and Dörmann, Peter and Geelen, Danny}},
  issn         = {{1040-4651}},
  journal      = {{PLANT CELL}},
  keywords     = {{CELL PLATE,CALLOSE SYNTHASE,PREMEIOTIC ENDOMITOSIS,HIGHER-PLANTS,DIPLOID EGGS,CYTOKINESIS,GENE,THALIANA,PROTEIN,MUTANT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{387--403}},
  title        = {{GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE2 are required for ploidy consistency of the sexual reproduction system in Arabidopsis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.112.106278}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}

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