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Virus infections in type 1 diabetes

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Abstract
The precise etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still unknown, but viruses have long been suggested as a potential environmental trigger for the disease. However, despite decades of research, the body of evidence supporting a relationship between viral infections and initiation or acceleration of islet autoimmunity remains largely circumstantial. The most robust association with viruses and T1D involves enterovirus species, of which some strains have the ability to induce or accelerate disease in animal models. Several hypotheses have been formulated to mechanistically explain how viruses may affect islet autoimmunity and b-cell decay. The recent observation that certain viral infections, when encountered at the right time and infectious dose, can prevent autoimmune diabetes illustrates that potential relationships may be more complex than previously thought. Here, we provide a concise summary of data obtained in mouse models and humans, and identify future avenues toward a better characterization of the association between viruses and T1D.

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MLA
Coppieters, Ken, et al. “Virus Infections in Type 1 Diabetes.” COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012, doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a007682.
APA
Coppieters, K., Boettler, T., & von Herrath, M. (2012). Virus infections in type 1 diabetes. COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007682
Chicago author-date
Coppieters, Ken, Tobias Boettler, and Matthias von Herrath. 2012. “Virus Infections in Type 1 Diabetes.” COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007682.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Coppieters, Ken, Tobias Boettler, and Matthias von Herrath. 2012. “Virus Infections in Type 1 Diabetes.” COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE 2 (1). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a007682.
Vancouver
1.
Coppieters K, Boettler T, von Herrath M. Virus infections in type 1 diabetes. COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE. 2012;2(1).
IEEE
[1]
K. Coppieters, T. Boettler, and M. von Herrath, “Virus infections in type 1 diabetes,” COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012.
@article{2120309,
  abstract     = {{The precise etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still unknown, but viruses have long been suggested as a potential environmental trigger for the disease. However, despite decades of research, the body of evidence supporting a relationship between viral infections and initiation or acceleration of islet autoimmunity remains largely circumstantial. The most robust association with viruses and T1D involves enterovirus species, of which some strains have the ability to induce or accelerate disease in animal models. Several hypotheses have been formulated to mechanistically explain how viruses may affect islet autoimmunity and b-cell decay. The recent observation that certain viral infections, when encountered at the right time and infectious dose, can prevent autoimmune diabetes illustrates that potential relationships may be more complex than previously thought. Here, we provide a concise summary of data obtained in mouse models and humans, and identify future avenues toward a better characterization of the association between viruses and T1D.}},
  articleno    = {{a007682}},
  author       = {{Coppieters, Ken and Boettler, Tobias and von Herrath, Matthias}},
  issn         = {{2157-1422}},
  journal      = {{COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{Virus infections in type 1 diabetes}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007682}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}

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