@article{2071886,
  abstract     = {{Objective: Patients with ADHD are typically more variable in their reaction times (RT) than control children. Signal processing analyses have shown that time series RT data of children with ADHD have a distinctive low frequency periodic structure suggestive of a pattern of occasional spontaneous performance lapses. Here we use a fine-grained analysis of spectral power across a broader frequency range to differentiate the periodic qualities of ADHD time series RT data from (a) 1/frequency noise, and (b) control performance. We also assess the familiality of these frequencies by using a proband-sibling design. Method: Seventy-one children with ADHD, one of their siblings, and 50 control participants completed a simple RT task. Power across the RI frequency spectrum was calculated. The frequencies significantly differentiating the two groups were identified. Familiality was assessed in two ways: first, by comparing probands with their unaffected siblings and controls, and, second, by investigating the siblings of neuropsychologically impaired and unimpaired children with ADHD. Results: Analyses converged to highlight the potential importance of the .20-.26 Hz band in differentiating the periodic structure of ADHD RT time series data from both 1/frequency noise and control performance. This frequency band also showed the strongest evidence of familiality. Conclusions: RT performance of children with ADHD had a distinctive periodic structure. The band identified as most differentiating and familial was at a higher frequency than in most previous reports. This highlights the importance of employing tasks with faster interstimulus intervals that will allow a larger portion of the frequency spectrum to be examined.}},
  author       = {{Helps, Suzannah K and Broyd, Samantha J and Bitsakou, Paraskevi and Barke, Edmund}},
  issn         = {{0894-4105}},
  journal      = {{NEUROPSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER,endophenotype,attentional lapses,CHILDREN,INHIBITION,reaction time variability,DEFAULT-MODE,DELAY AVERSION,BRAIN ACTIVITY,INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY,RESPONSE VARIABILITY,INTRA-SUBJECT VARIABILITY,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,low frequency,ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{711--719}},
  title        = {{Identifying a distinctive familial frequency band in reaction time fluctuations in ADHD}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1037/a0024479}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

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