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Computed tomographic morphology of the synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse

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Abstract
The morphological features of the distal border synovial invaginations (SI) of the distal sesamoid bone (DSB) in horses were described by the use of computed tomography (CT). Transverse CT images were obtained on 50 cadaver forefeet from 25 Warmblood horses. Dorsal and sagittal planes were reformatted. The CT images allowed the evaluation of the number, shape, depth of penetration and direction of the SI into the bone. The total number of SI was 295 (mean 5.9). The number of invaginations in a particular DSB ranged from 3 (n = 3), 4 (n = 6), 5 (n = 11), 6 (n = 12), 7 (n = 13), 8 (n = 3), 9 (n = 1) to 11 (n = 1). The shape of the SI was 'conical' (n = 118), 'linear' (n = 109), 'lollipop' (n = 38) or 'branched' (n = 30). Penetration of the SI into the DSB was 'mild' in 195 cases, 'moderate' in 67 cases and 'deep' in 33 cases. The SI ran in a 'straight', 'dorsoproximal' and 'palmaroproximal' direction in 187, 28 and 80 cases, respectively. In only six DSBs, all SI ran in the same direction. The images obtained in this study may serve as reference for the radiographic evaluation of these SI.
Keywords
RADIOGRAPHS, NAVICULAR DISEASE

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MLA
Claerhoudt, Sarah, et al. “Computed Tomographic Morphology of the Synovial Invaginations of the Distal Sesamoid Bone of the Horse.” ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA, vol. 40, no. 1, 2011, pp. 55–60, doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x.
APA
Claerhoudt, S., Bergman, E., van der Veen, H., Vanderperren, K., Raes, E., & Saunders, J. (2011). Computed tomographic morphology of the synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse. ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA, 40(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x
Chicago author-date
Claerhoudt, Sarah, E Bergman, H van der Veen, Katrien Vanderperren, Els Raes, and Jimmy Saunders. 2011. “Computed Tomographic Morphology of the Synovial Invaginations of the Distal Sesamoid Bone of the Horse.” ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA 40 (1): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Claerhoudt, Sarah, E Bergman, H van der Veen, Katrien Vanderperren, Els Raes, and Jimmy Saunders. 2011. “Computed Tomographic Morphology of the Synovial Invaginations of the Distal Sesamoid Bone of the Horse.” ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA 40 (1): 55–60. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x.
Vancouver
1.
Claerhoudt S, Bergman E, van der Veen H, Vanderperren K, Raes E, Saunders J. Computed tomographic morphology of the synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse. ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA. 2011;40(1):55–60.
IEEE
[1]
S. Claerhoudt, E. Bergman, H. van der Veen, K. Vanderperren, E. Raes, and J. Saunders, “Computed tomographic morphology of the synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse,” ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2011.
@article{2023005,
  abstract     = {{The morphological features of the distal border synovial invaginations (SI) of the distal sesamoid bone (DSB) in horses were described by the use of computed tomography (CT). Transverse CT images were obtained on 50 cadaver forefeet from 25 Warmblood horses. Dorsal and sagittal planes were reformatted. The CT images allowed the evaluation of the number, shape, depth of penetration and direction of the SI into the bone. The total number of SI was 295 (mean 5.9). The number of invaginations in a particular DSB ranged from 3 (n = 3), 4 (n = 6), 5 (n = 11), 6 (n = 12), 7 (n = 13), 8 (n = 3), 9 (n = 1) to 11 (n = 1). The shape of the SI was 'conical' (n = 118), 'linear' (n = 109), 'lollipop' (n = 38) or 'branched' (n = 30). Penetration of the SI into the DSB was 'mild' in 195 cases, 'moderate' in 67 cases and 'deep' in 33 cases. The SI ran in a 'straight', 'dorsoproximal' and 'palmaroproximal' direction in 187, 28 and 80 cases, respectively. In only six DSBs, all SI ran in the same direction. The images obtained in this study may serve as reference for the radiographic evaluation of these SI.}},
  author       = {{Claerhoudt, Sarah and Bergman, E and van der Veen, H and Vanderperren, Katrien and Raes, Els and Saunders, Jimmy}},
  issn         = {{1439-0264}},
  journal      = {{ANATOMIA HISTOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGIA}},
  keywords     = {{RADIOGRAPHS,NAVICULAR DISEASE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{55--60}},
  title        = {{Computed tomographic morphology of the synovial invaginations of the distal sesamoid bone of the horse}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01038.x}},
  volume       = {{40}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

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