Scapular-muscle performance: two training programs in adolescent swimmers
- Author
- Annemie Van De Velde (UGent) , Kristof De Mey (UGent) , Annelies Maenhout (UGent) , Patrick Calders (UGent) and Ann Cools (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Context: Swimming requires well-balanced scapular-muscle performance. An additional strength-training program for the shoulders is pursued by swimmers, but whether these muscle-training programs need to be generic or specific for endurance or strength is unknown. Objective: To evaluate isokinetic scapular-muscle performance in a population of adolescent swimmers and to compare the results of training programs designed for strength or muscle endurance. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University human research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen adolescent swimmers. Intervention(s): Each participant pursued a 12-week scapular-training program designed to improve either muscle strength or muscle endurance. Main Outcome Measure(s): Bilateral peak force, fatigue index, and protraction/retraction strength ratios before and after the scapular-training program. Results: Scapular protraction/retraction ratios were slightly higher than 1 (dominant side = 1.08, nondominant side = 1.25, P = .006). Side-to-side differences in retraction strength were apparent both before and after the training program (P = .03 and P = .05, respectively). After the training program, maximal protraction (P < .05) and retraction (P < .01) strength improved on the nondominant side. Peak force and fatigue index were not different between the training groups. The fatigue indexes for protraction on both sides (P < .05) and retraction on the nondominant side (P = .009) were higher after the training program. Conclusions: We describe the scapular-muscle characteristics of a group of adolescent swimmers. Both muscle-strength and muscle-endurance programs improved absolute muscle strength. Neither of the strength programs had a positive effect on scapular-muscle endurance. Our results may be valuable for coaches and physiotherapists when they are designing exercise programs for swimmers.
- Keywords
- upper extremity, strength training, endurance training, athletes, SHOULDER PAIN, COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS, SERRATUS ANTERIOR, REHABILITATION, IMPINGEMENT, EXERCISES, STRENGTH, ENDURANCE, BALANCE
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-1999806
- Chicago
- Van De Velde, Annemie, Kristof De Mey, Annelies Maenhout, Patrick Calders, and Ann Cools. 2011. “Scapular-muscle Performance: Two Training Programs in Adolescent Swimmers.” Journal of Athletic Training 46 (2): 160–167.
- APA
- Van De Velde, A., De Mey, K., Maenhout, A., Calders, P., & Cools, A. (2011). Scapular-muscle performance: two training programs in adolescent swimmers. JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING, 46(2), 160–167.
- Vancouver
- 1.Van De Velde A, De Mey K, Maenhout A, Calders P, Cools A. Scapular-muscle performance: two training programs in adolescent swimmers. JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING. 2011;46(2):160–7.
- MLA
- Van De Velde, Annemie, Kristof De Mey, Annelies Maenhout, et al. “Scapular-muscle Performance: Two Training Programs in Adolescent Swimmers.” JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING 46.2 (2011): 160–167. Print.
@article{1999806,
abstract = {Context: Swimming requires well-balanced scapular-muscle performance. An additional strength-training program for the shoulders is pursued by swimmers, but whether these muscle-training programs need to be generic or specific for endurance or strength is unknown.
Objective: To evaluate isokinetic scapular-muscle performance in a population of adolescent swimmers and to compare the results of training programs designed for strength or muscle endurance.
Design: Controlled laboratory study.
Setting: University human research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen adolescent swimmers.
Intervention(s): Each participant pursued a 12-week scapular-training program designed to improve either muscle strength or muscle endurance.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Bilateral peak force, fatigue index, and protraction/retraction strength ratios before and after the scapular-training program.
Results: Scapular protraction/retraction ratios were slightly higher than 1 (dominant side = 1.08, nondominant side = 1.25, P = .006). Side-to-side differences in retraction strength were apparent both before and after the training program (P = .03 and P = .05, respectively). After the training program, maximal protraction (P {\textlangle} .05) and retraction (P {\textlangle} .01) strength improved on the nondominant side. Peak force and fatigue index were not different between the training groups. The fatigue indexes for protraction on both sides (P {\textlangle} .05) and retraction on the nondominant side (P = .009) were higher after the training program.
Conclusions: We describe the scapular-muscle characteristics of a group of adolescent swimmers. Both muscle-strength and muscle-endurance programs improved absolute muscle strength. Neither of the strength programs had a positive effect on scapular-muscle endurance. Our results may be valuable for coaches and physiotherapists when they are designing exercise programs for swimmers.},
author = {Van De Velde, Annemie and De Mey, Kristof and Maenhout, Annelies and Calders, Patrick and Cools, Ann},
issn = {1062-6050},
journal = {JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING},
keyword = {upper extremity,strength training,endurance training,athletes,SHOULDER PAIN,COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS,SERRATUS ANTERIOR,REHABILITATION,IMPINGEMENT,EXERCISES,STRENGTH,ENDURANCE,BALANCE},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
pages = {160--167},
title = {Scapular-muscle performance: two training programs in adolescent swimmers},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.160},
volume = {46},
year = {2011},
}
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