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First order correction for T*2-relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity

Dieter De Naeyer (UGent) , ISABELLE DEBERGH (UGent) , Yves De Deene (UGent) , Wim Ceelen (UGent) , Patrick Segers (UGent) and Pascal Verdonck (UGent)
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of a method neglecting T*(2)-relaxation, for the conversion of spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity to contrast agent (CA) concentration, in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI studies. In addition a new closed form conversion expression is proposed that accounts for a first order approximation of T*(2)-relaxation. Materials and Methods: The accuracy of both conversion methods is compared theoretically by means of simulations for four pulse sequences from literature. Both methods are tested in vivo against the numerical conversion method for measuring the arterial input function in mice. Results: Simulations show that the T*(2)-neglecting method underestimates typical tissue CA concentrations (0 mM to 2 mM) up to 6%, while the errors for arterial concentrations (0 mM to 10 mM) range up to 43%. The results from our first order method are numerically indistinguishable from the simulation input values in tumor tissue, while for arterial concentrations the error is reduced up to a factor 10. In vivo, peak Gd-DOTA concentration is underestimated up to 14% with the T*(2-)neglecting method and up to 0.9% with our first order method. Conclusion: Our conversion method reduces the underestimation of CA concentration severely in a broad physiological concentration range and is easy to perform in any clinical setting.
Keywords
contrast agent concentration, T2*-relaxation, SPGRE, DCE-MRI, ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION, ENHANCED MRI, RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, FLIP ANGLES, PARAMETERS, REPRODUCIBILITY, QUANTIFICATION, PERMEABILITY, UNCERTAINTY, PERFUSION

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MLA
De Naeyer, Dieter, et al. “First Order Correction for T*2-Relaxation in Determining Contrast Agent Concentration from Spoiled Gradient Echo Pulse Sequence Signal Intensity.” JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, vol. 34, no. 3, 2011, pp. 710–15, doi:10.1002/jmri.22681.
APA
De Naeyer, D., DEBERGH, I., De Deene, Y., Ceelen, W., Segers, P., & Verdonck, P. (2011). First order correction for T*2-relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 34(3), 710–715. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22681
Chicago author-date
De Naeyer, Dieter, ISABELLE DEBERGH, Yves De Deene, Wim Ceelen, Patrick Segers, and Pascal Verdonck. 2011. “First Order Correction for T*2-Relaxation in Determining Contrast Agent Concentration from Spoiled Gradient Echo Pulse Sequence Signal Intensity.” JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 34 (3): 710–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22681.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Naeyer, Dieter, ISABELLE DEBERGH, Yves De Deene, Wim Ceelen, Patrick Segers, and Pascal Verdonck. 2011. “First Order Correction for T*2-Relaxation in Determining Contrast Agent Concentration from Spoiled Gradient Echo Pulse Sequence Signal Intensity.” JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 34 (3): 710–715. doi:10.1002/jmri.22681.
Vancouver
1.
De Naeyer D, DEBERGH I, De Deene Y, Ceelen W, Segers P, Verdonck P. First order correction for T*2-relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. 2011;34(3):710–5.
IEEE
[1]
D. De Naeyer, I. DEBERGH, Y. De Deene, W. Ceelen, P. Segers, and P. Verdonck, “First order correction for T*2-relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity,” JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 710–715, 2011.
@article{1984593,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of a method neglecting T*(2)-relaxation, for the conversion of spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity to contrast agent (CA) concentration, in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI studies. In addition a new closed form conversion expression is proposed that accounts for a first order approximation of T*(2)-relaxation. 
Materials and Methods: The accuracy of both conversion methods is compared theoretically by means of simulations for four pulse sequences from literature. Both methods are tested in vivo against the numerical conversion method for measuring the arterial input function in mice. 
Results: Simulations show that the T*(2)-neglecting method underestimates typical tissue CA concentrations (0 mM to 2 mM) up to 6%, while the errors for arterial concentrations (0 mM to 10 mM) range up to 43%. The results from our first order method are numerically indistinguishable from the simulation input values in tumor tissue, while for arterial concentrations the error is reduced up to a factor 10. In vivo, peak Gd-DOTA concentration is underestimated up to 14% with the T*(2-)neglecting method and up to 0.9% with our first order method. 
Conclusion: Our conversion method reduces the underestimation of CA concentration severely in a broad physiological concentration range and is easy to perform in any clinical setting.}},
  author       = {{De Naeyer, Dieter and DEBERGH, ISABELLE and De Deene, Yves and Ceelen, Wim and Segers, Patrick and Verdonck, Pascal}},
  issn         = {{1053-1807}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING}},
  keywords     = {{contrast agent concentration,T2*-relaxation,SPGRE,DCE-MRI,ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION,ENHANCED MRI,RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS,FLIP ANGLES,PARAMETERS,REPRODUCIBILITY,QUANTIFICATION,PERMEABILITY,UNCERTAINTY,PERFUSION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{710--715}},
  title        = {{First order correction for T*2-relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22681}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}

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