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Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rainfed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Tesfay Araya Weldeslassie (UGent) , Wim Cornelis (UGent) , Jan Nyssen (UGent) , B Govaerts, H Bauer, Tewodros Gebreegziabher, Tigist Oicha, D Raes, KD Sayre, Mitiku Haile, et al.
(2011) SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT. 27(3). p.404-414
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Abstract
The aim of conservation agriculture (CA) is to improve soil quality and crop yield whilst reducing runoff and topsoil erosion. An experiment was carried out in a rainfed field using a permanent raised bed planting system for 3 yr (2005-2007) in Adigudem, northern Ethiopia in order to evaluate the effect of CA on runoff, soil loss and crop yield. CA practices were introduced in fields with Vertisols in a randomized complete block design on permanent 5 x 19 m plots. Three treatments were evaluated: (1) conventional tillage (CT) with a minimum of three tillage operations and removal of crop residues, (2) terwah (TER) that was similar to CT except that contour furrows were included at 1.5 m intervals, and (3) derdero+ (DER+), which consists of permanent raised beds with a furrow and bed system, retention of 30% of standing crop residues and zero tillage on the top of the bed. All ploughing as well as the maintenance of the furrows of the permanent raised beds was done using a local ard plough called maresha. Results from monitoring over 3 yr showed that soil loss and runoff were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CT followed by TER and DER+. Average soil losses of 5.2, 20.1 and 24.2 t/ha were recorded from DER+, TER and CT, respectively. Runoff was 46.3, 76.3 and 98.1 mm from DER+, TER and CT, respectively. Grain yield was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in DER+ under teff in 2006, probably due to the high sensitivity of teff to weeds. The yield of wheat in 2007 was significantly higher in DER+ followed by TER. The terwah system is recommended as a first measure for wider adoption to reduce runoff and soil loss and to increase crop yield. The long-term goal is to achieve a derdero+ system, i.e. a permanent raised bed planting system along with the application of crop residues.
Keywords
permanent raised bed, crop residues, derdero, Terwah, wheat, teff, conservation agriculture, STONE BUNDS, TILLAGE, RESIDUE, MANAGEMENT, EROSION, VARIABILITY, HIGHLANDS, SYSTEMS, AFRICA

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MLA
Araya Weldeslassie, Tesfay, et al. “Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Runoff, Soil Loss and Crop Yield under Rainfed Conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.” SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, vol. 27, no. 3, 2011, pp. 404–14, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00347.x.
APA
Araya Weldeslassie, T., Cornelis, W., Nyssen, J., Govaerts, B., Bauer, H., Gebreegziabher, T., … Deckers, J. (2011). Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rainfed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, 27(3), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00347.x
Chicago author-date
Araya Weldeslassie, Tesfay, Wim Cornelis, Jan Nyssen, B Govaerts, H Bauer, Tewodros Gebreegziabher, Tigist Oicha, et al. 2011. “Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Runoff, Soil Loss and Crop Yield under Rainfed Conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.” SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 27 (3): 404–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00347.x.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Araya Weldeslassie, Tesfay, Wim Cornelis, Jan Nyssen, B Govaerts, H Bauer, Tewodros Gebreegziabher, Tigist Oicha, D Raes, KD Sayre, Mitiku Haile, and Jozef Deckers. 2011. “Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Runoff, Soil Loss and Crop Yield under Rainfed Conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.” SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 27 (3): 404–414. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00347.x.
Vancouver
1.
Araya Weldeslassie T, Cornelis W, Nyssen J, Govaerts B, Bauer H, Gebreegziabher T, et al. Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rainfed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT. 2011;27(3):404–14.
IEEE
[1]
T. Araya Weldeslassie et al., “Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rainfed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia,” SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 404–414, 2011.
@article{1959748,
  abstract     = {{The aim of conservation agriculture (CA) is to improve soil quality and crop yield whilst reducing runoff and topsoil erosion. An experiment was carried out in a rainfed field using a permanent raised bed planting system for 3 yr (2005-2007) in Adigudem, northern Ethiopia in order to evaluate the effect of CA on runoff, soil loss and crop yield. CA practices were introduced in fields with Vertisols in a randomized complete block design on permanent 5 x 19 m plots. Three treatments were evaluated: (1) conventional tillage (CT) with a minimum of three tillage operations and removal of crop residues, (2) terwah (TER) that was similar to CT except that contour furrows were included at 1.5 m intervals, and (3) derdero+ (DER+), which consists of permanent raised beds with a furrow and bed system, retention of 30% of standing crop residues and zero tillage on the top of the bed. All ploughing as well as the maintenance of the furrows of the permanent raised beds was done using a local ard plough called maresha. Results from monitoring over 3 yr showed that soil loss and runoff were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CT followed by TER and DER+. Average soil losses of 5.2, 20.1 and 24.2 t/ha were recorded from DER+, TER and CT, respectively. Runoff was 46.3, 76.3 and 98.1 mm from DER+, TER and CT, respectively. Grain yield was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in DER+ under teff in 2006, probably due to the high sensitivity of teff to weeds. The yield of wheat in 2007 was significantly higher in DER+ followed by TER. The terwah system is recommended as a first measure for wider adoption to reduce runoff and soil loss and to increase crop yield. The long-term goal is to achieve a derdero+ system, i.e. a permanent raised bed planting system along with the application of crop residues.}},
  author       = {{Araya Weldeslassie, Tesfay and Cornelis, Wim and Nyssen, Jan and Govaerts, B and Bauer, H and Gebreegziabher, Tewodros and Oicha, Tigist and Raes, D and Sayre, KD and Haile, Mitiku and Deckers, Jozef}},
  issn         = {{0266-0032}},
  journal      = {{SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT}},
  keywords     = {{permanent raised bed,crop residues,derdero,Terwah,wheat,teff,conservation agriculture,STONE BUNDS,TILLAGE,RESIDUE,MANAGEMENT,EROSION,VARIABILITY,HIGHLANDS,SYSTEMS,AFRICA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{404--414}},
  title        = {{Effects of conservation agriculture on runoff, soil loss and crop yield under rainfed conditions in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00347.x}},
  volume       = {{27}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}
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