@article{177957,
  abstract     = {{Assigning related medieval manuscripts to different workshops on the basis of codicological characteristics, is not straightforward. We present the first attempt to distinguish between scriptoria by means of a large-scale total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis of pigment elements and an identification of pigment molecules with micro-Raman spectroscopy. We analyzed 324 colored items in 10 medieval manuscripts, of which 7 are folio-sized illuminated manuscripts, all ordered by Raphael de Mercatellis in the late 15th and early 16th century. Palettes in miniatures were not yet examined. Blue palettes are exclusively azurite-based and are easily differentiated by means of the respective amounts of Ti, Ba, and As. Differences for green palettes are also pronounced. The green Cu-based pigment was not yet identified, but it certainly is not malachite or verdigris. Red pigments used are HgS, vermilion, and Pb3O4, red lead. The Flemish gold-leaf technique is used. The 7 Mercatellis manuscripts show two different palettes, both different from the non-Mercatellis manuscripts. The grouping of the Mercatellis manuscripts according to date and to palettes is, in general, consistent with a grouping on the basis of a classical codicological analysis, although some conflicting results are obtained. A quantitative and qualitative reconstruction of palettes by means of TXRF- and Raman-spectra, provides with a complimentary and objective tool for distinguishing between scriptoria.}},
  author       = {{Van Hooydonk, Guido and De Reu, Martine and Moens, Luc and Van Aelst, Joke and Milis, Ludovicus}},
  issn         = {{1434-1948}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY}},
  keywords     = {{azurite,gold initials,Middle Ages,pigments,micro-Ramanspectroscopy,TXRF,scriptoria,manuscripts,PIGMENTS,SPECTROSCOPY,X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE,SHROUD-OF-TURIN,codicology,Mercatellis,Renaissance,workshops}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{639--644}},
  title        = {{A TXRF and micro-Raman spectrometric reconstruction of palettes for distinguishing between scriptoria of related medieval manuscripts}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0682(199805)1998:5<639::AID-EJIC639>3.0.CO;2-Q}},
  volume       = {{1998}},
  year         = {{1998}},
}

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