Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine
- Author
- Karine Clauwaert (UGent) , Jan Van Bocxlaer (UGent) , Els De Letter, Serge Van Calenbergh (UGent) , Willy Lambert (UGent) and Andreas De Leenheer (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting. Methods: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C-18 column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 mug/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 mug/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 mug/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 mug/L for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 mug/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 mug/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14,62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. Conclusions: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.
Downloads
-
(...).pdf
- full text (Published version)
- |
- UGent only
- |
- |
- 261.11 KB
Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-173033
- MLA
- Clauwaert, Karine, et al. “Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 46, no. 12, 2000, pp. 1968–77, doi:10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968.
- APA
- Clauwaert, K., Van Bocxlaer, J., De Letter, E., Van Calenbergh, S., Lambert, W., & De Leenheer, A. (2000). Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, 46(12), 1968–1977. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968
- Chicago author-date
- Clauwaert, Karine, Jan Van Bocxlaer, Els De Letter, Serge Van Calenbergh, Willy Lambert, and Andreas De Leenheer. 2000. “Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 46 (12): 1968–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Clauwaert, Karine, Jan Van Bocxlaer, Els De Letter, Serge Van Calenbergh, Willy Lambert, and Andreas De Leenheer. 2000. “Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine.” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 46 (12): 1968–1977. doi:10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968.
- Vancouver
- 1.Clauwaert K, Van Bocxlaer J, De Letter E, Van Calenbergh S, Lambert W, De Leenheer A. Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. CLINICAL CHEMISTRY. 2000;46(12):1968–77.
- IEEE
- [1]K. Clauwaert, J. Van Bocxlaer, E. De Letter, S. Van Calenbergh, W. Lambert, and A. De Leenheer, “Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine,” CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 1968–1977, 2000.
@article{173033, abstract = {{Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting. Methods: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C-18 column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 mug/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 mug/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 mug/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 mug/L for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 mug/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 mug/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14,62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. Conclusions: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.}}, author = {{Clauwaert, Karine and Van Bocxlaer, Jan and De Letter, Els and Van Calenbergh, Serge and Lambert, Willy and De Leenheer, Andreas}}, issn = {{0009-9147}}, journal = {{CLINICAL CHEMISTRY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{1968--1977}}, title = {{Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2000}}, }
- Altmetric
- View in Altmetric
- Web of Science
- Times cited: