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Tree girdling responses simulated by a water and carbon transport model

Veerle De Schepper (UGent) and Kathy Steppe (UGent)
(2011) ANNALS OF BOTANY. 108(6). p.1147-1154
Author
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Abstract
Background and Aims : Girdling, or the removal of a strip of bark around a tree's outer circumference, is often used to study carbon relationships, as it triggers several carbon responses which seem to be interrelated. Methods : An existing plant model describing water and carbon transport in a tree was used to evaluate the mechanisms behind the girdling responses. Therefore, the (un) loading functions of the original model were adapted and became a function of the phloem turgor pressure. Key Results : The adapted model successfully simulated the measured changes in stem growth induced by girdling. The model indicated that the key driving variables for the girdling responses were changes in turgor pressure due to local changes in sugar concentrations. Information about the local damage to the phloem system was transferred to the other plant parts (crown and roots) by a change in phloem pressure. After girdling, the loading rate was affected and corresponded to the experimentally observed feedback inhibition. In addition, the unloading rate decreased after girdling and even reversed in some instances. The model enabled continuous simulation of changes in starch content, although a slight underestimation was observed compared with measured values. Conclusions : For the first time a mechanistic plant model enabled simulation of tree girdling responses, which have thus far only been experimentally observed and fragmentally reported in literature. The close agreement between measured and simulated data confirms the underlying mechanisms introduced in the model.
Keywords
girdling, Feedback inhibition, loading, mechanistic plant modelling, phloem turgor, photosynthesis, Quercus robur L., stem diameter variations, transport model, unloading, STEM DIAMETER VARIATIONS, SOIL RESPIRATION, PINE TREES, PHLOEM, XYLEM, FLOW, LEAVES, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CITRUS, GROWTH

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MLA
De Schepper, Veerle, and Kathy Steppe. “Tree Girdling Responses Simulated by a Water and Carbon Transport Model.” ANNALS OF BOTANY, vol. 108, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1147–54, doi:10.1093/aob/mcr068.
APA
De Schepper, V., & Steppe, K. (2011). Tree girdling responses simulated by a water and carbon transport model. ANNALS OF BOTANY, 108(6), 1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr068
Chicago author-date
De Schepper, Veerle, and Kathy Steppe. 2011. “Tree Girdling Responses Simulated by a Water and Carbon Transport Model.” ANNALS OF BOTANY 108 (6): 1147–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr068.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Schepper, Veerle, and Kathy Steppe. 2011. “Tree Girdling Responses Simulated by a Water and Carbon Transport Model.” ANNALS OF BOTANY 108 (6): 1147–1154. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr068.
Vancouver
1.
De Schepper V, Steppe K. Tree girdling responses simulated by a water and carbon transport model. ANNALS OF BOTANY. 2011;108(6):1147–54.
IEEE
[1]
V. De Schepper and K. Steppe, “Tree girdling responses simulated by a water and carbon transport model,” ANNALS OF BOTANY, vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 1147–1154, 2011.
@article{1258745,
  abstract     = {{Background and Aims : Girdling, or the removal of a strip of bark around a tree's outer circumference, is often used to study carbon relationships, as it triggers several carbon responses which seem to be interrelated. 
Methods : An existing plant model describing water and carbon transport in a tree was used to evaluate the mechanisms behind the girdling responses. Therefore, the (un) loading functions of the original model were adapted and became a function of the phloem turgor pressure. 
Key Results : The adapted model successfully simulated the measured changes in stem growth induced by girdling. The model indicated that the key driving variables for the girdling responses were changes in turgor pressure due to local changes in sugar concentrations. Information about the local damage to the phloem system was transferred to the other plant parts (crown and roots) by a change in phloem pressure. After girdling, the loading rate was affected and corresponded to the experimentally observed feedback inhibition. In addition, the unloading rate decreased after girdling and even reversed in some instances. The model enabled continuous simulation of changes in starch content, although a slight underestimation was observed compared with measured values. 
Conclusions : For the first time a mechanistic plant model enabled simulation of tree girdling responses, which have thus far only been experimentally observed and fragmentally reported in literature. The close agreement between measured and simulated data confirms the underlying mechanisms introduced in the model.}},
  author       = {{De Schepper, Veerle and Steppe, Kathy}},
  issn         = {{0305-7364}},
  journal      = {{ANNALS OF BOTANY}},
  keywords     = {{girdling,Feedback inhibition,loading,mechanistic plant modelling,phloem turgor,photosynthesis,Quercus robur L.,stem diameter variations,transport model,unloading,STEM DIAMETER VARIATIONS,SOIL RESPIRATION,PINE TREES,PHLOEM,XYLEM,FLOW,LEAVES,PHOTOSYNTHESIS,CITRUS,GROWTH}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1147--1154}},
  title        = {{Tree girdling responses simulated by a water and carbon transport model}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr068}},
  volume       = {{108}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}
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