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Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves

Taylor S Feild, Garland R Upchurch Jr., David S Chatelet, Timothy J Brodribb, Kunsiri C Grubbs, Marie-Stéphanie Samain (UGent) and Stefan Wanke
(2011) PALEOBIOLOGY. 37(2). p.195-213
Author
Organization
Abstract
The photosynthetic gas exchange capacities of early angiosperms remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, many hypotheses about the causes of early angiosperm success and how angiosperms influenced Mesozoic ecosystem function hinge on understanding the maximum capacity for early angiosperm metabolism. We applied structure-functional analyses of leaf veins and stomatal pore geometry to determine the hydraulic and diffusive gas exchange capacities of Early Cretaceous fossil leaves. All of the late Aptian-early Albian angiosperms measured possessed low vein density and low maximal stomatal pore area, indicating low leaf gas exchange capacities in comparison to modern ecologically dominant angiosperms. Gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperms were equivalent or lower than ferns and gymnosperms. Fossil leaf taxa from Aptian to Paleocene sediments previously identified as putative stem-lineages to Austrobaileyales and Chloranthales had the same gas exchange capacities and possibly leaf water relations of their living relatives. Our results provide fossil evidence for the hypothesis that high leaf gas exchange capacity is a derived feature of later angiosperm evolution. In addition, the leaf gas exchange functions of austrobaileyoid and chloranthoid fossils support the hypothesis that comparative research on the biology of living basal angiosperm lineages reveals genuine signals of Early Cretaceous angiosperm ecophysiology.
Keywords
STOMATAL APERTURE, LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY, NORTH-AMERICA, BASAL ANGIOSPERMS, VESSEL EVOLUTION, WATER RELATIONS, POTOMAC GROUP, ELEVATED CO2, ARCHITECTURE, DIVERSIFICATION

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Citation

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MLA
Feild, Taylor S., et al. “Fossil Evidence for Low Gas Exchange Capacities for Early Cretaceous Angiosperm Leaves.” PALEOBIOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 2, 2011, pp. 195–213.
APA
Feild, T. S., Upchurch Jr., G. R., Chatelet, D. S., Brodribb, T. J., Grubbs, K. C., Samain, M.-S., & Wanke, S. (2011). Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves. PALEOBIOLOGY, 37(2), 195–213.
Chicago author-date
Feild, Taylor S, Garland R Upchurch Jr., David S Chatelet, Timothy J Brodribb, Kunsiri C Grubbs, Marie-Stéphanie Samain, and Stefan Wanke. 2011. “Fossil Evidence for Low Gas Exchange Capacities for Early Cretaceous Angiosperm Leaves.” PALEOBIOLOGY 37 (2): 195–213.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Feild, Taylor S, Garland R Upchurch Jr., David S Chatelet, Timothy J Brodribb, Kunsiri C Grubbs, Marie-Stéphanie Samain, and Stefan Wanke. 2011. “Fossil Evidence for Low Gas Exchange Capacities for Early Cretaceous Angiosperm Leaves.” PALEOBIOLOGY 37 (2): 195–213.
Vancouver
1.
Feild TS, Upchurch Jr. GR, Chatelet DS, Brodribb TJ, Grubbs KC, Samain M-S, et al. Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves. PALEOBIOLOGY. 2011;37(2):195–213.
IEEE
[1]
T. S. Feild et al., “Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves,” PALEOBIOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 195–213, 2011.
@article{1198979,
  abstract     = {{The photosynthetic gas exchange capacities of early angiosperms remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, many hypotheses about the causes of early angiosperm success and how angiosperms influenced Mesozoic ecosystem function hinge on understanding the maximum capacity for early angiosperm metabolism. We applied structure-functional analyses of leaf veins and stomatal pore geometry to determine the hydraulic and diffusive gas exchange capacities of Early Cretaceous fossil leaves. All of the late Aptian-early Albian angiosperms measured possessed low vein density and low maximal stomatal pore area, indicating low leaf gas exchange capacities in comparison to modern ecologically dominant angiosperms. Gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperms were equivalent or lower than ferns and gymnosperms. Fossil leaf taxa from Aptian to Paleocene sediments previously identified as putative stem-lineages to Austrobaileyales and Chloranthales had the same gas exchange capacities and possibly leaf water relations of their living relatives. Our results provide fossil evidence for the hypothesis that high leaf gas exchange capacity is a derived feature of later angiosperm evolution. In addition, the leaf gas exchange functions of austrobaileyoid and chloranthoid fossils support the hypothesis that comparative research on the biology of living basal angiosperm lineages reveals genuine signals of Early Cretaceous angiosperm ecophysiology.}},
  author       = {{Feild, Taylor S and Upchurch Jr., Garland R and Chatelet, David S and Brodribb, Timothy J and Grubbs, Kunsiri C and Samain, Marie-Stéphanie and Wanke, Stefan}},
  issn         = {{0094-8373}},
  journal      = {{PALEOBIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{STOMATAL APERTURE,LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY,NORTH-AMERICA,BASAL ANGIOSPERMS,VESSEL EVOLUTION,WATER RELATIONS,POTOMAC GROUP,ELEVATED CO2,ARCHITECTURE,DIVERSIFICATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{195--213}},
  title        = {{Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves}},
  volume       = {{37}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}
Web of Science
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