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The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

(2010) NATURE GENETICS. 42(10). p.833-839
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Abstract
We report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica). We show that a relatively recent (> 50 million years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) has resulted in the transition from nine ancestral chromosomes to 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae. Traces of older GWDs partly support the monophyly of the ancestral paleohexaploidy of eudicots. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyreae and the genus Malus, relative to major Rosaceae taxa, identified the progenitor of the cultivated apple as M. sieversii. Expansion of gene families reported to be involved in fruit development may explain formation of the pome, a Pyreae-specific false fruit that develops by proliferation of the basal part of the sepals, the receptacle. In apple, a subclade of MADS-box genes, normally involved in flower and fruit development, is expanded to include 15 members, as are other gene families involved in Rosaceae-specific metabolism, such as transport and assimilation of sorbitol.
Keywords
SORBITOL TRANSPORTERS, MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT, CULTIVATED APPLE, GENUS MALUS, EVOLUTION, ROSACEAE, GENES, CLASSIFICATION, IDENTIFICATION, PLANTS

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Citation

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MLA
Velasco, Riccardo, et al. “The Genome of the Domesticated Apple (Malus x Domestica Borkh.).” NATURE GENETICS, vol. 42, no. 10, 2010, pp. 833–39, doi:10.1038/ng.654.
APA
Velasco, R., Zharkikh, A., Affourtit, J., Dhingra, A., Cestaro, A., Kalyanaraman, A., … Viola, R. (2010). The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). NATURE GENETICS, 42(10), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.654
Chicago author-date
Velasco, Riccardo, Andrey Zharkikh, Jason Affourtit, Amit Dhingra, Alessandro Cestaro, Ananth Kalyanaraman, Paolo Fontana, et al. 2010. “The Genome of the Domesticated Apple (Malus x Domestica Borkh.).” NATURE GENETICS 42 (10): 833–39. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.654.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Velasco, Riccardo, Andrey Zharkikh, Jason Affourtit, Amit Dhingra, Alessandro Cestaro, Ananth Kalyanaraman, Paolo Fontana, Satish K Bhatnagar, Michela Troggio, Dmitry Pruss, Silvio Salvi, Massimo Pindo, Paolo Baldi, Sara Castelletti, Marina Cavaiuolo, Giuseppina Coppola, Fabrizio Costa, Valentina Cova, Antonio Dal Ri, Vadim Goremykin, Matteo Komjanc, Sara Longhi, Pierluigi Magnago, Giulia Malacarne, Mickael Malnoy, Diego Micheletti, Marco Moretto, Michele Perazzolli, Azeddine Si-Ammour, Silvia Vezzulli, Elena Zini, Glenn Eldredge, Lisa M Fitzgerald, Natalia Gutin, Jerry Lanchbury, Teresita Macalma, Jeff T Mitchell, Julia Reid, Bryan Wardell, Chinnappa Kodira, Zhoutao Chen, Brian Desany, Faheem Niazi, Melinda Palmer, Tyson Koepke, Derick Jiwan, Scott Schaeffer, Vandhana Krishnan, Changjun Wu, Vu T Chu, Stephen T King, Jessica Vick, Quanzhou Tao, Amy Mraz, Aimee Stormo, Keith Stormo, Robert Bogden, Davide Ederle, Alessandra Stella, Alberto Vecchietti, Martin M Kater, Simona Masiero, Pauline Lasserre, Yves Lespinasse, Andrew C Allan, Vincent Bus, David Chagne, Ross N Crowhurst, Andrew P Gleave, Enrico Lavezzo, Jeffrey Fawcett, Sebastian Proost, Pierre Rouzé, Lieven Sterck, Stefano Toppo, Barbara Lazzari, Roger P Hellens, Charles-Eric Durel, Alexander Gutin, Roger E Bumgarner, Susan E Gardiner, Mark Skolnick, Michael Egholm, Yves Van de Peer, Francesco Salamini, and Roberto Viola. 2010. “The Genome of the Domesticated Apple (Malus x Domestica Borkh.).” NATURE GENETICS 42 (10): 833–839. doi:10.1038/ng.654.
Vancouver
1.
Velasco R, Zharkikh A, Affourtit J, Dhingra A, Cestaro A, Kalyanaraman A, et al. The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). NATURE GENETICS. 2010;42(10):833–9.
IEEE
[1]
R. Velasco et al., “The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.),” NATURE GENETICS, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 833–839, 2010.
@article{1061997,
  abstract     = {{We report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica). We show that a relatively recent (> 50 million years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) has resulted in the transition from nine ancestral chromosomes to 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae. Traces of older GWDs partly support the monophyly of the ancestral paleohexaploidy of eudicots. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyreae and the genus Malus, relative to major Rosaceae taxa, identified the progenitor of the cultivated apple as M. sieversii. Expansion of gene families reported to be involved in fruit development may explain formation of the pome, a Pyreae-specific false fruit that develops by proliferation of the basal part of the sepals, the receptacle. In apple, a subclade of MADS-box genes, normally involved in flower and fruit development, is expanded to include 15 members, as are other gene families involved in Rosaceae-specific metabolism, such as transport and assimilation of sorbitol.}},
  author       = {{Velasco, Riccardo and Zharkikh, Andrey and Affourtit, Jason and Dhingra, Amit and Cestaro, Alessandro and Kalyanaraman, Ananth and Fontana, Paolo and Bhatnagar, Satish K and Troggio, Michela and Pruss, Dmitry and Salvi, Silvio and Pindo, Massimo and Baldi, Paolo and Castelletti, Sara and Cavaiuolo, Marina and Coppola, Giuseppina and Costa, Fabrizio and Cova, Valentina and Dal Ri, Antonio and Goremykin, Vadim and Komjanc, Matteo and Longhi, Sara and Magnago, Pierluigi and Malacarne, Giulia and Malnoy, Mickael and Micheletti, Diego and Moretto, Marco and Perazzolli, Michele and Si-Ammour, Azeddine and Vezzulli, Silvia and Zini, Elena and Eldredge, Glenn and Fitzgerald, Lisa M and Gutin, Natalia and Lanchbury, Jerry and Macalma, Teresita and Mitchell, Jeff T and Reid, Julia and Wardell, Bryan and Kodira, Chinnappa and Chen, Zhoutao and Desany, Brian and Niazi, Faheem and Palmer, Melinda and Koepke, Tyson and Jiwan, Derick and Schaeffer, Scott and Krishnan, Vandhana and Wu, Changjun and Chu, Vu T and King, Stephen T and Vick, Jessica and Tao, Quanzhou and Mraz, Amy and Stormo, Aimee and Stormo, Keith and Bogden, Robert and Ederle, Davide and Stella, Alessandra and Vecchietti, Alberto and Kater, Martin M and Masiero, Simona and Lasserre, Pauline and Lespinasse, Yves and Allan, Andrew C and Bus, Vincent and Chagne, David and Crowhurst, Ross N and Gleave, Andrew P and Lavezzo, Enrico and Fawcett, Jeffrey and Proost, Sebastian and Rouzé, Pierre and Sterck, Lieven and Toppo, Stefano and Lazzari, Barbara and Hellens, Roger P and Durel, Charles-Eric and Gutin, Alexander and Bumgarner, Roger E and Gardiner, Susan E and Skolnick, Mark and Egholm, Michael and Van de Peer, Yves and Salamini, Francesco and Viola, Roberto}},
  issn         = {{1061-4036}},
  journal      = {{NATURE GENETICS}},
  keywords     = {{SORBITOL TRANSPORTERS,MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT,CULTIVATED APPLE,GENUS MALUS,EVOLUTION,ROSACEAE,GENES,CLASSIFICATION,IDENTIFICATION,PLANTS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{833--839}},
  title        = {{The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/ng.654}},
  volume       = {{42}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

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