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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles

Karen Van Hoecke (UGent)
(2010)
Author
Promoter
Colin Janssen, Karel De Schamphelaere and Guy Smagghe
Organization
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particle with lenghts in two or three dimensions > 1 nm and < 100 nm. Nanoparticles have unique properties, which make them useful for countless applications in a broad spectrum of industrial branches. However, their unique properties could present a potential hazard to the environment. The present study investigated the effects of SiO2, CeO2 and polymer coated gold NPs of various sizes towards the alga Pseudpkirchneriella subapitata and the cladoceran Daphnia magna according to standard OECD guidelines. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity and uptake studies were performed with the rainbow trout gill cell line RTGill-W1. For all NPs tested, 72h No Observed Effect Concentrations obtained in algal growht inhibition tests ranged between 1.0 and 4.6 mg/l. Therefore, NPs were more toxic than the corresponding silica and ceria bulk materials, for which no effects were observed in algal growth inhibition tests at 1000 mg/l. The SiO2 NPs were stable under test conditions. Smaller (12.5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger (27.0 nm) NPs when concentration was expressed as mass. However, when concentration was expressed as surface area, no difference in toxicity was observed. The latter finding suggested that toxicity of NPs was governed by surface area. A similar conclusion could be drawn for 14, 20 and 29 nm CeO2 NPs in algal growth inhibition tests, despite the strong aggregation to 4.5 µm mean diameter particles under test conditions. Natural organic matter stabilized CeO2 NPs suspensions to 100-200 nm aggregates and strongly decreased their toxicity. In addition, toxicity was pH dependent. No evidence of NP uptake in algal cells was found, but strong adsorption of SiO2 NPs to the cell wall and clustering of CeO2 around the algal cells was observed. Uptake of all types to NPs in RTGill-W1 cells was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy.
Keywords
Au, alga, nanoparticles, Daphnia magna, SiO2, CeO2

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Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Van Hoecke, Karen. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticles. Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 2010.
APA
Van Hoecke, K. (2010). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles. Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium.
Chicago author-date
Van Hoecke, Karen. 2010. “In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticles.” Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Hoecke, Karen. 2010. “In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticles.” Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering.
Vancouver
1.
Van Hoecke K. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles. [Ghent, Belgium]: Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; 2010.
IEEE
[1]
K. Van Hoecke, “In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles,” Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium, 2010.
@phdthesis{1041645,
  abstract     = {{Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particle with lenghts in two or three dimensions > 1 nm and < 100 nm. Nanoparticles have unique properties, which make them useful for countless applications in a broad spectrum of industrial branches. However, their unique properties could present a potential hazard to the environment.
The present study investigated the effects of SiO2, CeO2 and polymer coated gold NPs of various sizes towards the alga Pseudpkirchneriella subapitata and the cladoceran Daphnia magna according to standard OECD guidelines. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity and uptake studies were performed with the rainbow trout gill cell line RTGill-W1.
For all NPs tested, 72h No Observed Effect Concentrations obtained in algal growht inhibition tests ranged between 1.0 and 4.6 mg/l. Therefore, NPs were more toxic than the corresponding silica and ceria bulk materials, for which no effects were observed in algal growth inhibition tests at 1000 mg/l.
The SiO2 NPs were stable under test conditions. Smaller (12.5 nm) NPs were more toxic than larger (27.0 nm) NPs when concentration was expressed as mass. However, when concentration was expressed as surface area, no difference in toxicity was observed. The latter finding suggested that toxicity of NPs was governed by surface area.
A similar conclusion could be drawn for 14, 20 and 29 nm CeO2 NPs in algal growth inhibition tests, despite the strong aggregation to 4.5 µm mean diameter particles under test conditions.
Natural organic matter stabilized CeO2 NPs suspensions to 100-200 nm aggregates and strongly decreased their toxicity. In addition, toxicity was pH dependent.
No evidence of NP uptake in algal cells was found, but strong adsorption of SiO2 NPs to the cell wall and clustering of CeO2 around the algal cells was observed. Uptake of all types to NPs in RTGill-W1 cells was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy.}},
  author       = {{Van Hoecke, Karen}},
  isbn         = {{9789059893986}},
  keywords     = {{Au,alga,nanoparticles,Daphnia magna,SiO2,CeO2}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{VIII, 278}},
  publisher    = {{Ghent University. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering}},
  school       = {{Ghent University}},
  title        = {{In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the ecotoxicity of nanoparticles}},
  url          = {{http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/422/837/RUG01-001422837_2010_0001_AC.pdf}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}