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Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 pharmaceuticals in seawater

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Abstract
Knowledge of the presence of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, in coastal areas, is very limited; therefore, the main objective of this study was to optimize and validate a new analytical method for the quantitative analysis of 13 multiclass pharmaceuticals in seawater. Target compounds included antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, lipid regulators and one psychiatric drug. A combination of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with multiple mass spectrometry enabled their detection at the low nanogram per litre level. The limits of quantification varied between 1 and 50 ng L-1, for most components the linearities were more than 0.99 and the recoveries obtained in seawater (95-108%) were satisfactory. This method was applied to seawater and estuarine water samples collected in the Belgian coastal zone, to assess the prevalence of common pharmaceuticals in this marine environment. Seven phar-maceuticals, including compounds of which the presence in marine environments had not been reported earlier, were detected, with salicylic acid and carbamazepine being the most abundant, in concentrations up to 855 ng L-1.
Keywords
SURFACE WATERS, ACTIVE COMPOUNDS, CLOFIBRIC ACID, THERAPEUTIC CLASSES, NORTH-SEA, RISK-ASSESSMENT, LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, VOLUME WATER SAMPLES, TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION

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MLA
Wille, Klaas, et al. “Validation and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of 13 Pharmaceuticals in Seawater.” ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 397, no. 5, 2010, pp. 1797–808, doi:10.1007/s00216-010-3702-z.
APA
Wille, K., Noppe, H., Verheyden, K., Vanden Bussche, J., De Wulf, E., Van Caeter, P., … Vanhaecke, L. (2010). Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 pharmaceuticals in seawater. ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 397(5), 1797–1808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3702-z
Chicago author-date
Wille, Klaas, Herlinde Noppe, Karolien Verheyden, Julie Vanden Bussche, Eric De Wulf, Peter Van Caeter, Colin Janssen, Hubert De Brabander, and Lynn Vanhaecke. 2010. “Validation and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of 13 Pharmaceuticals in Seawater.” ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 397 (5): 1797–1808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3702-z.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Wille, Klaas, Herlinde Noppe, Karolien Verheyden, Julie Vanden Bussche, Eric De Wulf, Peter Van Caeter, Colin Janssen, Hubert De Brabander, and Lynn Vanhaecke. 2010. “Validation and Application of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of 13 Pharmaceuticals in Seawater.” ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 397 (5): 1797–1808. doi:10.1007/s00216-010-3702-z.
Vancouver
1.
Wille K, Noppe H, Verheyden K, Vanden Bussche J, De Wulf E, Van Caeter P, et al. Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 pharmaceuticals in seawater. ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. 2010;397(5):1797–808.
IEEE
[1]
K. Wille et al., “Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 pharmaceuticals in seawater,” ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 397, no. 5, pp. 1797–1808, 2010.
@article{1004021,
  abstract     = {{Knowledge of the presence of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, in coastal areas, is very limited; therefore, the main objective of this study was to optimize and validate a new analytical method for the quantitative analysis of 13 multiclass pharmaceuticals in seawater. Target compounds included antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
   drugs, beta-blockers, lipid regulators and one psychiatric drug. A combination of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with multiple mass spectrometry enabled their detection at the low nanogram per litre level. The limits of quantification varied between 1 and 50 ng L-1, for most components the linearities were more than 0.99
   and the recoveries obtained in seawater (95-108%) were satisfactory. This method was applied to seawater and estuarine water samples collected in the Belgian coastal zone, to assess the prevalence of common pharmaceuticals in this marine environment. Seven phar-maceuticals, including compounds of which the presence in marine   environments had not been reported earlier, were detected, with salicylic acid and carbamazepine being the most abundant, in concentrations up to 855 ng L-1.}},
  author       = {{Wille, Klaas and Noppe, Herlinde and Verheyden, Karolien and Vanden Bussche, Julie and De Wulf, Eric and Van Caeter, Peter and Janssen, Colin and De Brabander, Hubert and Vanhaecke, Lynn}},
  issn         = {{1618-2642}},
  journal      = {{ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}},
  keywords     = {{SURFACE WATERS,ACTIVE COMPOUNDS,CLOFIBRIC ACID,THERAPEUTIC CLASSES,NORTH-SEA,RISK-ASSESSMENT,LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY,VOLUME WATER SAMPLES,TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY,SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1797--1808}},
  title        = {{Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 pharmaceuticals in seawater}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3702-z}},
  volume       = {{397}},
  year         = {{2010}},
}

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