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The multilevel effects of political orientation and political climate on substance use among adolescents

Alain Van Hiel (UGent) , Kim Dierckx (UGent) , Dries Bostyn (UGent) , Tessa Haesevoets (UGent) , James Johnson, Katho Jacobs (UGent) , Bram Constandt (UGent) and Guido Van Hal
(2026) SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE. p.1-5
Author
Organization
Abstract
Background: the present study focuses on the extent to which individual political orientation and political school climate are related to the use of alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes. Methods: We sampled 11,114 Belgian (Dutch-speaking) students from 44 secondary schools in the four highest grades (age 14–18). Results: Left-wing orientation predicted lower substance use, while radical-right orientation predicted higher use. No main effect of left-wing school climate emerged, but several cross-level interactions showed that individual political orientation effects depend on school context. A noteworthy finding was that radical-right orientation predicted greater substance use most strongly in radical-right climates. Conclusions: the present findings highlight the contextual nature of political orientation: individual-level effects are moderated by the school-level political climate. Given the elevated levels of substance use among radical right-wing individuals in radical right school climates, we suggest that policy efforts should foster adolescents’ critical reasoning about science versus pseudoscience.
Keywords
Alcohol, Cannabis, Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, Political climate, Political orientation, Schools, Vaping

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MLA
Van Hiel, Alain, et al. “The Multilevel Effects of Political Orientation and Political Climate on Substance Use among Adolescents.” SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE, 2026, pp. 1–5, doi:10.1080/10826084.2026.2709656.
APA
Van Hiel, A., Dierckx, K., Bostyn, D., Haesevoets, T., Johnson, J., Jacobs, K., … Van Hal, G. (2026). The multilevel effects of political orientation and political climate on substance use among adolescents. SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2026.2709656
Chicago author-date
Van Hiel, Alain, Kim Dierckx, Dries Bostyn, Tessa Haesevoets, James Johnson, Katho Jacobs, Bram Constandt, and Guido Van Hal. 2026. “The Multilevel Effects of Political Orientation and Political Climate on Substance Use among Adolescents.” SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2026.2709656.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Hiel, Alain, Kim Dierckx, Dries Bostyn, Tessa Haesevoets, James Johnson, Katho Jacobs, Bram Constandt, and Guido Van Hal. 2026. “The Multilevel Effects of Political Orientation and Political Climate on Substance Use among Adolescents.” SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE: 1–5. doi:10.1080/10826084.2026.2709656.
Vancouver
1.
Van Hiel A, Dierckx K, Bostyn D, Haesevoets T, Johnson J, Jacobs K, et al. The multilevel effects of political orientation and political climate on substance use among adolescents. SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE. 2026;1–5.
IEEE
[1]
A. Van Hiel et al., “The multilevel effects of political orientation and political climate on substance use among adolescents,” SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE, pp. 1–5, 2026.
@article{01KZBEWXQ93JAJN8ECR8Q7M60C,
  abstract     = {{Background: the present study focuses on the extent to which individual political orientation and political school climate are related to the use of alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes. Methods: We sampled 11,114 Belgian (Dutch-speaking) students from 44 secondary schools in the four highest grades (age 14–18). Results: Left-wing orientation predicted lower substance use, while radical-right orientation predicted higher use. No main effect of left-wing school climate emerged, but several cross-level interactions showed that individual political orientation effects depend on school context. A noteworthy finding was that radical-right orientation predicted greater substance use most strongly in radical-right climates. Conclusions: the present findings highlight the contextual nature of political orientation: individual-level effects are moderated by the school-level political climate. Given the elevated levels of substance use among radical right-wing individuals in radical right school climates, we suggest that policy efforts should foster adolescents’ critical reasoning about science versus pseudoscience.}},
  author       = {{Van Hiel, Alain and Dierckx, Kim and Bostyn, Dries and Haesevoets, Tessa and Johnson, James and Jacobs, Katho and Constandt, Bram and Van Hal, Guido}},
  issn         = {{1082-6084}},
  journal      = {{SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE}},
  keywords     = {{Alcohol,Cannabis,Cigarettes,E-cigarettes,Political climate,Political orientation,Schools,Vaping}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--5}},
  title        = {{The multilevel effects of political orientation and political climate on substance use among adolescents}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2026.2709656}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}
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