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Arabs' work experiences in Western societies : a scoping review

Eva Derous (UGent) , Delphine Van Muylem (UGent) and Hannah‐Hanh D. Nguyen
(2026) APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE. 75(2).
Author
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Abstract
Arabs constitute one of the fastest-growing minority groups in Western societies and face challenges that are unique to their ethnic group. Yet, Arabs' work experiences remain critically underexamined and no integrative review has been conducted till today. Drawing on 46 studies reported in 40 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2025, this scoping review addresses this gap by exploring and synthesizing evidence on Arab individuals' work experiences across both the pre-employment stage (i.e., when looking and applying for jobs) and employment stage (i.e., when working in an organization). Findings reveal work-related disadvantages linked to societal factors (such as geo-political events), organizational factors (such as lack of career-related support), and individual factors (such as ethnic background), that affect Arabs' objective work experiences (such as job status) and subjective work experiences (such as job satisfaction). Building on these literature findings, an integrative framework of Arabs' work experiences is presented. The scoping review also identifies gaps, including limited research on intersectionality, cumulative effects of discrimination experiences, and well-being outcomes, which set an agenda for further research, and, hence, may help to advance scholarly understanding of the career development of Arab workers in Western societies.
Keywords
applicants, Arab, Australia, Canada, career, employees, scoping review, United States, Western-Europe, work and organizational psychology, work experience, HIRING DISCRIMINATION, RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION, FIELD EXPERIMENT, MIDDLE-EASTERN, LABOR-MARKET, MODEL, APPLICANTS, MEN, ATTRACTION, ETHNICITY

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Citation

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MLA
Derous, Eva, et al. “Arabs’ Work Experiences in Western Societies : A Scoping Review.” APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE, vol. 75, no. 2, 2026, doi:10.1111/apps.70094.
APA
Derous, E., Van Muylem, D., & Nguyen, H. D. (2026). Arabs’ work experiences in Western societies : a scoping review. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE, 75(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.70094
Chicago author-date
Derous, Eva, Delphine Van Muylem, and Hannah‐Hanh D. Nguyen. 2026. “Arabs’ Work Experiences in Western Societies : A Scoping Review.” APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 75 (2). https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.70094.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Derous, Eva, Delphine Van Muylem, and Hannah‐Hanh D. Nguyen. 2026. “Arabs’ Work Experiences in Western Societies : A Scoping Review.” APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 75 (2). doi:10.1111/apps.70094.
Vancouver
1.
Derous E, Van Muylem D, Nguyen HD. Arabs’ work experiences in Western societies : a scoping review. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE. 2026;75(2).
IEEE
[1]
E. Derous, D. Van Muylem, and H. D. Nguyen, “Arabs’ work experiences in Western societies : a scoping review,” APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE, vol. 75, no. 2, 2026.
@article{01KPT97XW930FC1YM60DF04ZMR,
  abstract     = {{Arabs constitute one of the fastest-growing minority groups in Western societies and face challenges that are unique to their ethnic group. Yet, Arabs' work experiences remain critically underexamined and no integrative review has been conducted till today. Drawing on 46 studies reported in 40 peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2025, this scoping review addresses this gap by exploring and synthesizing evidence on Arab individuals' work experiences across both the pre-employment stage (i.e., when looking and applying for jobs) and employment stage (i.e., when working in an organization). Findings reveal work-related disadvantages linked to societal factors (such as geo-political events), organizational factors (such as lack of career-related support), and individual factors (such as ethnic background), that affect Arabs' objective work experiences (such as job status) and subjective work experiences (such as job satisfaction). Building on these literature findings, an integrative framework of Arabs' work experiences is presented. The scoping review also identifies gaps, including limited research on intersectionality, cumulative effects of discrimination experiences, and well-being outcomes, which set an agenda for further research, and, hence, may help to advance scholarly understanding of the career development of Arab workers in Western societies.}},
  articleno    = {{e70094}},
  author       = {{Derous, Eva and Van Muylem, Delphine and Nguyen, Hannah‐Hanh D.}},
  issn         = {{0269-994X}},
  journal      = {{APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE}},
  keywords     = {{applicants,Arab,Australia,Canada,career,employees,scoping review,United States,Western-Europe,work and organizational psychology,work experience,HIRING DISCRIMINATION,RACIAL-DISCRIMINATION,FIELD EXPERIMENT,MIDDLE-EASTERN,LABOR-MARKET,MODEL,APPLICANTS,MEN,ATTRACTION,ETHNICITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{29}},
  title        = {{Arabs' work experiences in Western societies : a scoping review}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/apps.70094}},
  volume       = {{75}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}
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