@article{01KMQ8F70N0ABH53Q2M33SH1BN,
  abstract     = {{Insects in pet food are already a reality, and insightful information is available on nutrition and health. However, studies on insect-based kibble quality remain scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) levels on kibble characteristics and digestibility. Six isonitrogenous dog foods were formulated following the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) guidelines: one control (0% BSFL) and five with increasing BSFL levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). All diets were extruded at the same conditions, and per diet, three samples were collected in a five-minute interval during extrusion. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-wilk). Parametric data were analysed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test, while non-parametric by Kruskal-Wallis, at a 95% probability. Increasing levels of BSFL affected pasting properties (PT) of the raw mixtures, suggesting demised starch gelatinization. Also, higher water absorption index was observed at higher levels of BSFL inclusion. Increasing BSFL lowered the expansion index, increased hardness, and changed in microstructure and darker kibbles. The inclusion of 100% BSFL lowered dry matter (DM) in vitro digestibility, compared to the other diets. Digestibility of crude protein (CP), however, was lower than control from 40% BSFL inclusion onwards. Nonetheless, both DM and CP digestibility of all diets are within the advised minimum limits of FEDIAF. Lastly, multiple bands at different wavenumbers could be distinguished on the Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer spectra (FT-IR) among diets. Regardless unfavourable effects of increasing BSFL inclusion levels on PT and kibble characteristics, all diets were successfully extruded. These effects did not compromise the kibble quality and in vitro digestibility. Thus, BSFL meal inclusion can be used in dog food at any inclusion level.}},
  author       = {{Leocadio dos Santos Neto, Elias and Baptista da Silva, Camila and Van Bockstaele, Filip and Hesta, Myriam and Eeckhout, Mia and Rolandelli, Guido}},
  issn         = {{2352-4588}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF INSECTS AS FOOD AND FEED}},
  keywords     = {{Hermetia illucens,insect-based pet food,insect protein,pet food processing}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{Black soldier fly larvae meal-based dog food : does the inclusion level impact kibble characteristics and in vitro digestibility?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10395}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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