@article{01KMDT4FZJ08Y0BPTTG6R2FE3A,
  abstract     = {{We present a search for the diffuse extremely-high-energy neutrino flux using 12.6 years of IceCube data. The nonobservation of neutrinos with energies well above 10 PeV constrains the all-flavor neutrino flux at 1018 eV to a level of E-2 Phi(nu e + nu mu + nu tau) similar or equal to 10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), the most stringent limit to date. Using these data, we constrain the proton fraction of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above similar or equal to 30 EeV to be less than or similar to 70% (at 90% CL) if the cosmological evolution of the sources is comparable to or stronger than the star formation rate. This is the first result to disfavor the proton-only hypothesis for UHECR in this evolution regime using neutrino data. This result complements direct air-shower measurements by being insensitive to uncertainties associated with hadronic interaction models. We also evaluate the tension between IceCube's nonobservation and the similar to 200 PeV KM3NeT neutrino candidate (KM3-230213A), finding it to be similar to 2.9 sigma based on a joint-livetime fit between neutrino datasets.}},
  articleno    = {{031001}},
  author       = {{Abbasi, R. and Ackermann, M. and Adams, J. and Agarwalla, S. K. and Aguilar, J. A. and Ahlers, M. and Alameddine, J. M. and Amin, N. M. and Andeen, K. and Argüelles, C. and Ashida, Y. and Athanasiadou, S. and Axani, S. N. and Babu, R. and Bai, X. and Balagopal V., A. and Baricevic, M. and Barwick, S. W. and Bash, S. and Basu, V. and Bay, R. and Beatty, J. J. and Becker Tjus, J. and Beise, J. and Bellenghi, C. and BenZvi, S. and Berley, D. and Bernardini, E. and Besson, D. Z. and Blaufuss, E. and Bloom, L. and Blot, S. and Bontempo, F. and Book Motzkin, J. Y. and Boscolo Meneguolo, C. and Böser, S. and Botner, O. and Böttcher, J. and Braun, J. and Brinson, B. and Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z. and Brostean-Kaiser, J. and Brusa, L. and Burley, R. T. and Butterfield, D. and Campana, M. A. and Caracas, I. and Carloni, K. and Carpio, J. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chau, N. and Chen, Z. and Chirkin, D. and Choi, S. and Clark, B. A. and Coleman, A. and Coleman, P. and Collin, G. H. and Connolly, A. and Conrad, J. M. and Corley, R. and Cowen, D. F. and De Clercq, C. and DeLaunay, J. J. and Delgado, D. and Deng, S. and Desai, A. and Desiati, P. and de Vries, K. D. and de Wasseige, G. and DeYoung, T. and Diaz, A. and Díaz-Vélez, J. C. and Dierichs, P. and Dittmer, M. and Domi, A. and Draper, L. and Dujmovic, H. and Durnford, D. and Dutta, K. and DuVernois, M. A. and Ehrhardt, T. and Eidenschink, L. and Eimer, A. and Eller, P. and Ellinger, E. and El Mentawi, S. and Elsässer, D. and Engel, R. and Erpenbeck, H. and Esmail, W. and Evans, J. and Evenson, P. A. and Fan, K. L. and Fang, K. and Farrag, K. and Fazely, A. R. and Fedynitch, A. and Feigl, N. and Fiedlschuster, S. and Finley, C. and Fischer, L. and Fox, D. and Franckowiak, A. and Fukami, S. and Fürst, P. and Gallagher, J. and Ganster, E. and Garcia, A. and Garcia, M. and Garg, G. and Genton, E. and Gerhardt, L. and Ghadimi, A. and Girard-Carillo, C. and Glaser, C. and Glüsenkamp, T. and Gonzalez, J. G. and Goswami, S. and Granados, A. and Grant, D. and Gray, S. J. and Griffin, S. and Griswold, S. and Groth, K. M. and Guevel, D. and Günther, C. and Gutjahr, P. and Ha, C. and Haack, C. and Hallgren, A. and Halve, L. and Halzen, F. and Hamacher, L. and Hamdaoui, H. and Ha Minh, M. and Handt, M. and Hanson, K. and Hardin, J. and Harnisch, A. A. and Hatch, P. and Haungs, A. and Häußler, J. and Helbing, K. and Hellrung, J. and Hermannsgabner, J. and Heuermann, L. and Heyer, N. and Hickford, S. and Hidvegi, A. and Hill, C. and Hill, G. C. and Hmaid, R. and Hoffman, K. D. and Hori, S. and Hoshina, K. and Hostert, M. and Hou, W. and Huber, T. and Hultqvist, K. and Hünnefeld, M. and Hussain, R. and Hymon, K. and Ishihara, A. and Iwakiri, W. and Jacquart, M. and Jain, S. and Janik, O. and Jansson, M. and Jeong, M. and Jin, M. and Jones, B. J. P. and Kamp, N. and Kang, D. and Kang, W. and Kang, X. and Kappes, A. and Kappesser, D. and Kardum, L. and Karg, T. and Karl, M. and Karle, A. and Katil, A. and Katz, U. and Kauer, M. and Kelley, J. L. and Khanal, M. and Khatee Zathul, A. and Kheirandish, A. and Kiryluk, J. and Klein, S. R. and Kobayashi, Y. and Kochocki, A. and Koirala, R. and Kolanoski, H. and Kontrimas, T. and Köpke, L. and Kopper, C. and Koskinen, D. J. and Koundal, P. and Kowalski, M. and Kozynets, T. and Krieger, N. and Krishnamoorthi, J. and Krishnan, T. and Kruiswijk, K. and Krupczak, E. and Kumar, A. and Kun, E. and Kurahashi, N. and Lad, N. and Lagunas Gualda, C. and Lamoureux, M. and Larson, M. J. and Lauber, F. and Lazar, J. P. and Leonard DeHolton, K. and Leszczyńska, A. and Liao, J. and Lincetto, M. and Liu, Y. T. and Liubarska, M. and Love, C. and Lu, L. and Lucarelli, F. and Luszczak, W. and Lyu, Y. and Madsen, J. and Magnus, E. and Mahn, K. B. M. and Makino, Y. and Manao, E. and Mancina, S. and Mand, A. and Marie Sainte, W. and Mariş, I. C. and Marka, S. and Marka, Z. and Marsee, M. and Martinez-Soler, I. and Maruyama, R. and Mayhew, F. and McNally, F. and Mead, J. V. and Meagher, K. and Mechbal, S. and Medina, A. and Meier, M. and Merckx, Y. and Merten, L. and Mitchell, J. and Montaruli, T. and Moore, R. W. and Morii, Y. and Morse, R. and Moulai, M. and Mukherjee, T. and Naab, R. and Nakos, M. and Naumann, U. and Necker, J. and Negi, A. and Neste, L. and Neumann, M. and Niederhausen, H. and Nisa, M. U. and Noda, K. and Noell, A. and Novikov, A. and Obertacke Pollmann, A. and O’Dell, V. and Olivas, A. and Orsoe, R. and Osborn, J. and O’Sullivan, E. and Palusova, V. and Pandya, H. and Park, N. and Parker, G. K. and Parrish, V. and Paudel, E. N. and Paul, L. and Pérez de los Heros, C. and Pernice, T. and Peterson, J. and Pizzuto, A. and Plum, M. and Pontén, A. and Popovych, Y. and Prado Rodriguez, M. and Pries, B. and Procter-Murphy, R. and Przybylski, G. T. and Pyras, L. and Raab, C. and Rack-Helleis, J. and Rad, N. and Ravn, M. and Rawlins, K. and Rechav, Z. and Rehman, A. and Resconi, E. and Reusch, S. and Rhode, W. and Riedel, B. and Rifaie, A. and Roberts, E. J. and Robertson, S. and Rodan, S. and Rongen, M. and Rosted, A. and Rott, C. and Ruhe, T. and Ruohan, L. and Ryckbosch, Dirk and Safa, I. and Saffer, J. and Salazar-Gallegos, D. and Sampathkumar, P. and Sandrock, A. and Santander, M. and Sarkar, S. and Sarkar, S. and Savelberg, J. and Savina, P. and Schaile, P. and Schaufel, M. and Schieler, H. and Schindler, S. and Schlickmann, L. and Schlüter, B. and Schlüter, F. and Schmeisser, N. and Schmidt, T. and Schneider, J. and Schröder, F. G. and Schumacher, L. and Schwirn, S. and Sclafani, S. and Seckel, D. and Seen, L. and Seikh, M. and Seo, M. and Seunarine, S. and Sevle Myhr, P. and Shah, R. and Shefali, S. and Shimizu, N. and Silva, M. and Skrzypek, B. and Smithers, B. and Snihur, R. and Soedingrekso, J. and Søgaard, A. and Soldin, D. and Soldin, P. and Sommani, G. and Spannfellner, C. and Spiczak, G. M. and Spiering, C. and Stachurska, Juliana and Stamatikos, M. and Stanev, T. and Stezelberger, T. and Stürwald, T. and Stuttard, T. and Sullivan, G. W. and Taboada, I. and Ter-Antonyan, S. and Terliuk, A. and Thiesmeyer, M. and Thompson, W. G. and Thwaites, J. and Tilav, S. and Tollefson, K. and Tönnis, C. and Toscano, S. and Tosi, D. and Trettin, A. and Unland Elorrieta, M. A. and Upadhyay, A. K. and Upshaw, K. and Vaidyanathan, A. and Valtonen-Mattila, N. and Vandenbroucke, J. and van Eijndhoven, N. and Vannerom, D. and van Santen, J. and Vara, J. and Varsi, F. and Veitch-Michaelis, J. and Venugopal, M. and Vereecken, M. and Vergara Carrasco, S. and Verpoest, S. and Veske, D. and Vijai, A. and Walck, C. and Wang, A. and Weaver, C. and Weigel, P. and Weindl, A. and Weldert, J. and Wen, A. Y. and Wendt, C. and Werthebach, J. and Weyrauch, M. and Whitehorn, N. and Wiebusch, C. H. and Williams, D. R. and Witthaus, L. and Wolf, M. and Wrede, G. and Xu, X. W. and Yanez, J. P. and Yildizci, E. and Yoshida, S. and Young, R. and Yu, F. and Yu, S. and Yuan, T. and Zegarelli, A. and Zhang, S. and Zhang, Z. and Zhelnin, P. and Zilberman, P. and Zimmerman, M. and IceCube Collaboration, [missing]}},
  issn         = {{0031-9007}},
  journal      = {{PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS}},
  keywords     = {{COSMOGENIC NEUTRINOS,FLUX,SPECTRUM,MEDIA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  title        = {{Search for extremely-high-energy neutrinos and first constraints on the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray proton fraction with IceCube}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.135.031001}},
  volume       = {{135}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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