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Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data

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Abstract
The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels (chi chi -> tau(+)tau-/W+W-/b (b) over bar) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel chi chi -> b (b) over bar for the mass m(chi) = 250 GeV with a post-trial significance of 1.06 sigma. Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses m(chi) > 100 GeV.
Keywords
CAPTURE, ROTATION, FLUX

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MLA
IceCube data collaboration, [missing], et al. “Search for Dark Matter from the Center of the Earth with 10 Years of IceCube Data.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, vol. 85, no. 5, 2025, doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7.
APA
IceCube data collaboration, [missing], Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., … Zimmerman, M. (2025). Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, 85(5). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7
Chicago author-date
IceCube data collaboration, [missing], R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, et al. 2025. “Search for Dark Matter from the Center of the Earth with 10 Years of IceCube Data.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 85 (5). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
IceCube data collaboration, [missing], R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. N. Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, M. A. Campana, I. Caracas, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, S. Chattopadhyay, N. Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, B. A. Clark, A. Coleman, P. Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, R. Corley, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, S. Deng, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, H. Dujmovic, D. Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, S. El Mentawi, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, W. Esmail, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, S. Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Fürst, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, M. Garcia, G. Garg, E. Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Girard-Carillo, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, A. Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, K. M. Groth, D. Guevel, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, C. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, L. Hamacher, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, M. Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, J. Häußler, K. Helbing, J. Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, R. Hmaid, K. D. Hoffman, S. Hori, K. Hoshina, M. Hostert, W. Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, S. Jain, O. Janik, M. Jansson, M. Jeong, M. Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, A. Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, M. Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, Y. Kobayashi, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, N. Krieger, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, A. Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Liao, M. Lincetto, Y. T. Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, E. Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, E. Manao, S. Mancina, A. Mand, W. Marie Sainte, I. C. Mariş, S. Marka, Z. Marka, M. Marsee, I. Martinez-Soler, R. Maruyama, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, L. Merten, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, T. Mukherjee, R. Naab, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, A. Negi, L. Neste, M. Neumann, H. Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, V. O’Dell, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, E. O’Sullivan, V. Palusova, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, V. Parrish, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, T. Pernice, J. Peterson, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Pontén, Y. Popovych, M. Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, L. Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, M. Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, A. Rehman, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, A. Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, A. Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, Dirk Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, D. Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, P. Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, L. Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, F. Schlüter, N. Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, L. Seen, M. Seikh, M. Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, P. Soldin, G. Sommani, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, M. Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, J. Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, R. Turcotte, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, A. K. Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, S. Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, A. Wang, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, A. Y. Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, L. Witthaus, M. Wolf, G. Wrede, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, E. Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, S. Yu, T. Yuan, A. Zegarelli, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, and M. Zimmerman. 2025. “Search for Dark Matter from the Center of the Earth with 10 Years of IceCube Data.” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 85 (5). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7.
Vancouver
1.
IceCube data collaboration [missing], Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Agarwalla SK, Aguilar JA, et al. Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C. 2025;85(5).
IEEE
[1]
[missing] IceCube data collaboration et al., “Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data,” EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C, vol. 85, no. 5, 2025.
@article{01KMDSQ83QCD0E7VQFTKFF97CX,
  abstract     = {{The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels (chi chi -> tau(+)tau-/W+W-/b (b) over bar) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel chi chi -> b (b) over bar for the mass m(chi) = 250 GeV with a post-trial significance of 1.06 sigma. Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses m(chi) > 100 GeV.}},
  articleno    = {{490}},
  author       = {{IceCube data collaboration, [missing] and Abbasi, R. and Ackermann, M. and Adams, J. and Agarwalla, S. K. and Aguilar, J. A. and Ahlers, M. and Alameddine, J. M. and Amin, N. M. and Andeen, K. and Argüelles, C. and Ashida, Y. and Athanasiadou, S. and Axani, S. N. and Babu, R. and Bai, X. and V., A. Balagopal and Baricevic, M. and Barwick, S. W. and Bash, S. and Basu, V. and Bay, R. and Beatty, J. J. and Tjus, J. Becker and Beise, J. and Bellenghi, C. and BenZvi, S. and Berley, D. and Bernardini, E. and Besson, D. Z. and Blaufuss, E. and Bloom, L. and Blot, S. and Bontempo, F. and Motzkin, J. Y. Book and Meneguolo, C. Boscolo and Böser, S. and Botner, O. and Böttcher, J. and Braun, J. and Brinson, B. and Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z. and Brostean-Kaiser, J. and Brusa, L. and Burley, R. T. and Butterfield, D. and Campana, M. A. and Caracas, I. and Carloni, K. and Carpio, J. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chau, N. and Chen, Z. and Chirkin, D. and Choi, S. and Clark, B. A. and Coleman, A. and Coleman, P. and Collin, G. H. and Connolly, A. and Conrad, J. M. and Corley, R. and Cowen, D. F. and De Clercq, C. and DeLaunay, J. J. and Delgado, D. and Deng, S. and Desai, A. and Desiati, P. and de Vries, K. D. and de Wasseige, G. and DeYoung, T. and Diaz, A. and Díaz-Vélez, J. C. and Dierichs, P. and Dittmer, M. and Domi, A. and Draper, L. and Dujmovic, H. and Durnford, D. and Dutta, K. and DuVernois, M. A. and Ehrhardt, T. and Eidenschink, L. and Eimer, A. and Eller, P. and Ellinger, E. and Mentawi, S. El and Elsässer, D. and Engel, R. and Erpenbeck, H. and Esmail, W. and Evans, J. and Evenson, P. A. and Fan, K. L. and Fang, K. and Farrag, K. and Fazely, A. 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D. and Hori, S. and Hoshina, K. and Hostert, M. and Hou, W. and Huber, T. and Hultqvist, K. and Hünnefeld, M. and Hussain, R. and Hymon, K. and Ishihara, A. and Iwakiri, W. and Jacquart, M. and Jain, S. and Janik, O. and Jansson, M. and Jeong, M. and Jin, M. and Jones, B. J. P. and Kamp, N. and Kang, D. and Kang, W. and Kang, X. and Kappes, A. and Kappesser, D. and Kardum, L. and Karg, T. and Karl, M. and Karle, A. and Katil, A. and Katz, U. and Kauer, M. and Kelley, J. L. and Khanal, M. and Zathul, A. Khatee and Kheirandish, A. and Kiryluk, J. and Klein, S. R. and Kobayashi, Y. and Kochocki, A. and Koirala, R. and Kolanoski, H. and Kontrimas, T. and Köpke, L. and Kopper, C. and Koskinen, D. J. and Koundal, P. and Kowalski, M. and Kozynets, T. and Krieger, N. and Krishnamoorthi, J. and Kruiswijk, K. and Krupczak, E. and Kumar, A. and Kun, E. and Kurahashi, N. and Lad, N. and Gualda, C. Lagunas and Lamoureux, M. and Larson, M. J. and Lauber, F. and Lazar, J. P. and Lee, J. W. and DeHolton, K. Leonard and Leszczyńska, A. and Liao, J. and Lincetto, M. and Liu, Y. T. and Liubarska, M. and Love, C. and Lu, L. and Lucarelli, F. and Luszczak, W. and Lyu, Y. and Madsen, J. and Magnus, E. and Mahn, K. B. M. and Makino, Y. and Manao, E. and Mancina, S. and Mand, A. and Sainte, W. Marie and Mariş, I. C. and Marka, S. and Marka, Z. and Marsee, M. and Martinez-Soler, I. and Maruyama, R. and Mayhew, F. and McNally, F. and Mead, J. V. and Meagher, K. and Mechbal, S. and Medina, A. and Meier, M. and Merckx, Y. and Merten, L. and Mitchell, J. and Montaruli, T. and Moore, R. W. and Morii, Y. and Morse, R. and Moulai, M. and Mukherjee, T. and Naab, R. and Nakos, M. and Naumann, U. and Necker, J. and Negi, A. and Neste, L. and Neumann, M. and Niederhausen, H. and Nisa, M. U. and Noda, K. and Noell, A. and Novikov, A. and Pollmann, A. Obertacke and O’Dell, V. and Olivas, A. and Orsoe, R. and Osborn, J. and O’Sullivan, E. and Palusova, V. and Pandya, H. and Park, N. and Parker, G. K. and Parrish, V. and Paudel, E. N. and Paul, L. and de los Heros, C. Pérez and Pernice, T. and Peterson, J. and Pizzuto, A. and Plum, M. and Pontén, A. and Popovych, Y. and Rodriguez, M. Prado and Pries, B. and Procter-Murphy, R. and Przybylski, G. T. and Pyras, L. and Raab, C. and Rack-Helleis, J. and Rad, N. and Ravn, M. and Rawlins, K. and Rechav, Z. and Rehman, A. and Renzi, G. and Resconi, E. and Reusch, S. and Rhode, W. and Riedel, B. and Rifaie, A. and Roberts, E. J. and Robertson, S. and Rodan, S. and Roellinghoff, G. and Rongen, M. and Rosted, A. and Rott, C. and Ruhe, T. and Ruohan, L. and Ryckbosch, Dirk and Safa, I. and Saffer, J. and Salazar-Gallegos, D. and Sampathkumar, P. and Sandrock, A. and Santander, M. and Sarkar, S. and Sarkar, S. and Savelberg, J. and Savina, P. and Schaile, P. and Schaufel, M. and Schieler, H. and Schindler, S. and Schlickmann, L. and Schlüter, B. and Schlüter, F. and Schmeisser, N. and Schmidt, T. and Schneider, J. and Schröder, F. G. and Schumacher, L. and Schwirn, S. and Sclafani, S. and Seckel, D. and Seen, L. and Seikh, M. and Seo, M. and Seunarine, S. and Myhr, P. Sevle and Shah, R. and Shefali, S. and Shimizu, N. and Silva, M. and Skrzypek, B. and Smithers, B. and Snihur, R. and Soedingrekso, J. and Søgaard, A. and Soldin, D. and Soldin, P. and Sommani, G. and Spannfellner, C. and Spiczak, G. M. and Spiering, C. and Stachurska, Juliana and Stamatikos, M. and Stanev, T. and Stezelberger, T. and Stürwald, T. and Stuttard, T. and Sullivan, G. W. and Taboada, I. and Ter-Antonyan, S. and Terliuk, A. and Thiesmeyer, M. and Thompson, W. G. and Thwaites, J. and Tilav, S. and Tollefson, K. and Tönnis, C. and Toscano, S. and Tosi, D. and Trettin, A. and Turcotte, R. and Elorrieta, M. A. Unland and Upadhyay, A. K. and Upshaw, K. and Vaidyanathan, A. and Valtonen-Mattila, N. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Eijndhoven, N. van and Vannerom, D. and Santen, J. van and Vara, J. and Varsi, F. and Veitch-Michaelis, J. and Venugopal, M. and Vereecken, M. and Carrasco, S. Vergara and Verpoest, S. and Veske, D. and Vijai, A. and Walck, C. and Wang, A. and Weaver, C. and Weigel, P. and Weindl, A. and Weldert, J. and Wen, A. Y. and Wendt, C. and Werthebach, J. and Weyrauch, M. and Whitehorn, N. and Wiebusch, C. H. and Williams, D. R. and Witthaus, L. and Wolf, M. and Wrede, G. and Xu, X. W. and Yanez, J. P. and Yildizci, E. and Yoshida, S. and Young, R. and Yu, S. and Yuan, T. and Zegarelli, A. and Zhang, S. and Zhang, Z. and Zhelnin, P. and Zilberman, P. and Zimmerman, M.}},
  issn         = {{1434-6044}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C}},
  keywords     = {{CAPTURE,ROTATION,FLUX}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with 10 years of IceCube data}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14144-7}},
  volume       = {{85}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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