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ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability is associated with major non-portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis

Kymentie Ferdinande (UGent) , Jochen Decaestecker, Charlotte De Vloo, Sarah Raevens (UGent) , Laurence Seynhaeve, Jef Dewyspelaere, Helena Degroote (UGent) , Inge Van haute, Anja Geerts (UGent) , Xavier Verhelst (UGent) , et al.
(2026) HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS. 10(2).
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Abstract
Background: Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) display preserved thrombin generation (TG) but hypocoagulable profiles on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). The relationship with non-portal hypertensive (NPH) bleeding is unclear. The primary aim was to assess hemostatic alterations across the clinical spectrum of cirrhosis, including stable cirrhosis (SC), stable decompensation (SD), acute decompensation (AD), and ACLF, and their association with NPH bleeding. Methods: In this prospective cohort and nested case-control study, 215 cirrhotic patients (SC=70; SD=50; AD=53; ACLF=42) underwent coagulation testing, including conventional coagulation tests, coagulation factors and inhibitors, ROTEM and TG [+/- thrombomodulin (TM)]. Results: ACLF patients showed a higher prevalence of hypocoagulable ROTEM profiles (>= 5 abnormal parameters) compared with SC, SD, and AD (23.8% vs. 0% in SC and 4% in SD, p<0.05; 13.2% in AD, p=0.33), while TG potential with TM was comparable across groups. Major NPH bleeding (spontaneous and post-procedural) occurred in 8.4% of patients, with a prevalence of 17% in AD and 21.4% in ACLF. Patients with NPH bleeding more frequently exhibited a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile compared with those without bleeding (44.4% vs. 5.1%, p<0.001). Using LASSO-penalized logistic regression, a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile showed the strongest independent association with NPH bleeding (lambda(1)se model: OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17-2.06; cross-validated AUC 0.75). The lambda_min model showed incrementally higher discriminative performance (cross-validated AUC 0.79) and additionally included MELD-Na score (confounder), bacterial infection, fibrinogen, and platelet count, but a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile also showed the strongest association (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.30-3.15), comparable to the results in the more parsimonious lambda(1)se model. Conclusions: ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability was independently associated with major NPH bleeding in cirrhosis. Its clinical implications warrant further investigation.
Keywords
cirrhosis, coaguation, hemostasis, hypocoagulability, acute-on-chronic liver failure, non-portal hypertensive bleeding, rotational thromboelastometry, CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS, VEIN THROMBOSIS, LIVER-DISEASE, COMMUNICATION, TRANSFUSION, HEMOSTASIS, MANAGEMENT, SSC

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MLA
Ferdinande, Kymentie, et al. “ROTEM-Detected Hypocoagulability Is Associated with Major Non-Portal Hypertensive Bleeding in Cirrhosis.” HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 10, no. 2, 2026, doi:10.1097/HC9.0000000000000881.
APA
Ferdinande, K., Decaestecker, J., De Vloo, C., Raevens, S., Seynhaeve, L., Dewyspelaere, J., … Devreese, K. (2026). ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability is associated with major non-portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis. HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000881
Chicago author-date
Ferdinande, Kymentie, Jochen Decaestecker, Charlotte De Vloo, Sarah Raevens, Laurence Seynhaeve, Jef Dewyspelaere, Helena Degroote, et al. 2026. “ROTEM-Detected Hypocoagulability Is Associated with Major Non-Portal Hypertensive Bleeding in Cirrhosis.” HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000881.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Ferdinande, Kymentie, Jochen Decaestecker, Charlotte De Vloo, Sarah Raevens, Laurence Seynhaeve, Jef Dewyspelaere, Helena Degroote, Inge Van haute, Anja Geerts, Xavier Verhelst, Hans Van Vlierberghe, and Katrien Devreese. 2026. “ROTEM-Detected Hypocoagulability Is Associated with Major Non-Portal Hypertensive Bleeding in Cirrhosis.” HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 10 (2). doi:10.1097/HC9.0000000000000881.
Vancouver
1.
Ferdinande K, Decaestecker J, De Vloo C, Raevens S, Seynhaeve L, Dewyspelaere J, et al. ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability is associated with major non-portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis. HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS. 2026;10(2).
IEEE
[1]
K. Ferdinande et al., “ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability is associated with major non-portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis,” HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 10, no. 2, 2026.
@article{01KJW1FQZRZDYKAVC80K73RVF6,
  abstract     = {{Background: Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) display preserved thrombin generation (TG) but hypocoagulable profiles on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). The relationship with non-portal hypertensive (NPH) bleeding is unclear. The primary aim was to assess hemostatic alterations across the clinical spectrum of cirrhosis, including stable cirrhosis (SC), stable decompensation (SD), acute decompensation (AD), and ACLF, and their association with NPH bleeding. Methods: In this prospective cohort and nested case-control study, 215 cirrhotic patients (SC=70; SD=50; AD=53; ACLF=42) underwent coagulation testing, including conventional coagulation tests, coagulation factors and inhibitors, ROTEM and TG [+/- thrombomodulin (TM)]. Results: ACLF patients showed a higher prevalence of hypocoagulable ROTEM profiles (>= 5 abnormal parameters) compared with SC, SD, and AD (23.8% vs. 0% in SC and 4% in SD, p<0.05; 13.2% in AD, p=0.33), while TG potential with TM was comparable across groups. Major NPH bleeding (spontaneous and post-procedural) occurred in 8.4% of patients, with a prevalence of 17% in AD and 21.4% in ACLF. Patients with NPH bleeding more frequently exhibited a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile compared with those without bleeding (44.4% vs. 5.1%, p<0.001). Using LASSO-penalized logistic regression, a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile showed the strongest independent association with NPH bleeding (lambda(1)se model: OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17-2.06; cross-validated AUC 0.75). The lambda_min model showed incrementally higher discriminative performance (cross-validated AUC 0.79) and additionally included MELD-Na score (confounder), bacterial infection, fibrinogen, and platelet count, but a hypocoagulable ROTEM profile also showed the strongest association (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.30-3.15), comparable to the results in the more parsimonious lambda(1)se model. Conclusions: ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability was independently associated with major NPH bleeding in cirrhosis. Its clinical implications warrant further investigation.}},
  articleno    = {{e0881}},
  author       = {{Ferdinande, Kymentie and Decaestecker, Jochen and De Vloo, Charlotte and Raevens, Sarah and Seynhaeve, Laurence and Dewyspelaere, Jef and Degroote, Helena and Van haute, Inge and Geerts, Anja and Verhelst, Xavier and Van Vlierberghe, Hans and Devreese, Katrien}},
  issn         = {{2471-254X}},
  journal      = {{HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS}},
  keywords     = {{cirrhosis,coaguation,hemostasis,hypocoagulability,acute-on-chronic liver failure,non-portal hypertensive bleeding,rotational thromboelastometry,CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS,VEIN THROMBOSIS,LIVER-DISEASE,COMMUNICATION,TRANSFUSION,HEMOSTASIS,MANAGEMENT,SSC}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{ROTEM-detected hypocoagulability is associated with major non-portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000881}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}
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