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Defining the optimal imaging time point for fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification using the non-targeting near-infrared dye indocyanine green and post-processed high-dynamic-range images

(2026) BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS. 17(4). p.1953-1966
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Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is used for tumor visualization using fluorescence-intensity imaging, but false-positive signals are common. Fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification may overcome this limitation by measuring the time behavior of fluorescent light. However, the optimal time point for fluorescence lifetime imaging after the intravenous administration of ICG is yet to be defined. In this paper, the in vivo time course of ICG is investigated in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice using a novel macroscopic fluorescence lifetime camera. High-dynamicrange images were generated through post-processing, investigated, and subsequently applied for time-domain intensity and lifetime image analysis. The results indicate that fluorescence lifetime imaging may provide higher accuracy in tumor identification than intensity-based imaging, but the optimal imaging time point appears to require a 24-48 hour interval after intravenous injection, similar to intensity measurements. However, earlier time points might be of interest to investigate for liver and intestinal tumors.
Keywords
MICROSCOPY, PERMEABILITY, MECHANISMS, RETENTION

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MLA
Janssen, Simone, et al. “Defining the Optimal Imaging Time Point for Fluorescence-Lifetime-Based Tumor Identification Using the Non-Targeting near-Infrared Dye Indocyanine Green and Post-Processed High-Dynamic-Range Images.” BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 17, no. 4, 2026, pp. 1953–66, doi:10.1364/boe.587556.
APA
Janssen, S., Van den Dries, T., Kheiro, N., Lapauw, T., De Geeter, J., Sahakian, S., … Hernot, S. (2026). Defining the optimal imaging time point for fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification using the non-targeting near-infrared dye indocyanine green and post-processed high-dynamic-range images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS, 17(4), 1953–1966. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.587556
Chicago author-date
Janssen, Simone, Thomas Van den Dries, Nawal Kheiro, Thomas Lapauw, Jeroen De Geeter, Sevada Sahakian, Marc Stroet, et al. 2026. “Defining the Optimal Imaging Time Point for Fluorescence-Lifetime-Based Tumor Identification Using the Non-Targeting near-Infrared Dye Indocyanine Green and Post-Processed High-Dynamic-Range Images.” BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 17 (4): 1953–66. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.587556.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Janssen, Simone, Thomas Van den Dries, Nawal Kheiro, Thomas Lapauw, Jeroen De Geeter, Sevada Sahakian, Marc Stroet, Maarten Kuijk, Hilde De Rooster, Hans Ingelberts, and Sophie Hernot. 2026. “Defining the Optimal Imaging Time Point for Fluorescence-Lifetime-Based Tumor Identification Using the Non-Targeting near-Infrared Dye Indocyanine Green and Post-Processed High-Dynamic-Range Images.” BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 17 (4): 1953–1966. doi:10.1364/boe.587556.
Vancouver
1.
Janssen S, Van den Dries T, Kheiro N, Lapauw T, De Geeter J, Sahakian S, et al. Defining the optimal imaging time point for fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification using the non-targeting near-infrared dye indocyanine green and post-processed high-dynamic-range images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS. 2026;17(4):1953–66.
IEEE
[1]
S. Janssen et al., “Defining the optimal imaging time point for fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification using the non-targeting near-infrared dye indocyanine green and post-processed high-dynamic-range images,” BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1953–1966, 2026.
@article{01KJMS2YSNFJHBQ30JFRKXJ16B,
  abstract     = {{Indocyanine green (ICG) is used for tumor visualization using fluorescence-intensity imaging, but false-positive signals are common. Fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification may overcome this limitation by measuring the time behavior of fluorescent light. However, the optimal time point for fluorescence lifetime imaging after the intravenous administration of ICG is yet to be defined. In this paper, the in vivo time course of ICG is investigated in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice using a novel macroscopic fluorescence lifetime camera. High-dynamicrange images were generated through post-processing, investigated, and subsequently applied for time-domain intensity and lifetime image analysis. The results indicate that fluorescence lifetime imaging may provide higher accuracy in tumor identification than intensity-based imaging, but the optimal imaging time point appears to require a 24-48 hour interval after intravenous injection, similar to intensity measurements. However, earlier time points might be of interest to investigate for liver and intestinal tumors.}},
  author       = {{Janssen, Simone and Van den Dries, Thomas and Kheiro, Nawal and Lapauw, Thomas and De Geeter, Jeroen and Sahakian, Sevada and Stroet, Marc and Kuijk, Maarten and De Rooster, Hilde and Ingelberts, Hans and Hernot, Sophie}},
  issn         = {{2156-7085}},
  journal      = {{BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS}},
  keywords     = {{MICROSCOPY,PERMEABILITY,MECHANISMS,RETENTION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1953--1966}},
  title        = {{Defining the optimal imaging time point for fluorescence-lifetime-based tumor identification using the non-targeting near-infrared dye indocyanine green and post-processed high-dynamic-range images}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1364/boe.587556}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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