64×64 Pixel current-assisted photonic sampler image sensor and camera system for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging
- Author
- Thomas Van den Dries, Thomas Lapauw, Simone Janssen (UGent) , Sevada Sahakian, Théo Lepoutte, Marcus Stroet, Sophie Hernot, Maarten Kuijk and Hans Ingelberts
- Organization
- Project
- Abstract
- A 64×64 pixel current-assisted photonic sampler (CAPS) image sensor is designed for real-time fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging. Current assistance is used for swift detection and time-gating of the photogenerated carriers within the whole substrate. An additional bias node is used to decrease the dynamic power consumption, and a photogate is applied to the sensor to reduce the carrier transfer time. The sensor is fabricated in a commercial 350-nm CMOS process on a 15- μ m epi-layer, with 30- μ m pixels and a 61% fill factor. The pixel features gating widths below 1 ns subject to a 17-ps standard deviation on the gate width uniformity and a 31-ps standard deviation on its temporal position. The pixel has a quantum efficiency (QE) above 40% for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, whereas the peak QE is 61% at 675 nm. The gate’s intrinsic decay is observed to be 320 ps, which allows for the FLT imaging of sub-nanosecond lifetime dyes. The real-time FLT imaging capabilities are demonstrated on commercial fluorescence phantoms and in a preclinical experiment.
- Keywords
- Sensors, Fluorescence, Imaging, Electrons, Photonics, Logic gates, Substrates, CMOS image sensor (CIS), current-assisted photonic sampler (CAPS), fluorescence imaging (FLI), fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), near-infrared (NIR), photonic demodulation, time-gated fluorescence imaging (TGFI), time-gating, time-resolved
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01KJMP6AZB1AD4P5VRAVEKFD0Q
- MLA
- Van den Dries, Thomas, et al. “64×64 Pixel Current-Assisted Photonic Sampler Image Sensor and Camera System for Real-Time Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 24, no. 15, 2024, pp. 23729–37, doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3409418.
- APA
- Van den Dries, T., Lapauw, T., Janssen, S., Sahakian, S., Lepoutte, T., Stroet, M., … Ingelberts, H. (2024). 64×64 Pixel current-assisted photonic sampler image sensor and camera system for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 24(15), 23729–23737. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3409418
- Chicago author-date
- Van den Dries, Thomas, Thomas Lapauw, Simone Janssen, Sevada Sahakian, Théo Lepoutte, Marcus Stroet, Sophie Hernot, Maarten Kuijk, and Hans Ingelberts. 2024. “64×64 Pixel Current-Assisted Photonic Sampler Image Sensor and Camera System for Real-Time Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 24 (15): 23729–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3409418.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Van den Dries, Thomas, Thomas Lapauw, Simone Janssen, Sevada Sahakian, Théo Lepoutte, Marcus Stroet, Sophie Hernot, Maarten Kuijk, and Hans Ingelberts. 2024. “64×64 Pixel Current-Assisted Photonic Sampler Image Sensor and Camera System for Real-Time Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 24 (15): 23729–23737. doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3409418.
- Vancouver
- 1.Van den Dries T, Lapauw T, Janssen S, Sahakian S, Lepoutte T, Stroet M, et al. 64×64 Pixel current-assisted photonic sampler image sensor and camera system for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL. 2024;24(15):23729–37.
- IEEE
- [1]T. Van den Dries et al., “64×64 Pixel current-assisted photonic sampler image sensor and camera system for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging,” IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 23729–23737, 2024.
@article{01KJMP6AZB1AD4P5VRAVEKFD0Q,
abstract = {{A 64×64 pixel current-assisted photonic sampler (CAPS) image sensor is designed for real-time fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging. Current assistance is used for swift detection and time-gating of the photogenerated carriers within the whole substrate. An additional bias node is used to decrease the dynamic power consumption, and a photogate is applied to the sensor to reduce the carrier transfer time. The sensor is fabricated in a commercial 350-nm CMOS process on a 15- μ m epi-layer, with 30- μ m pixels and a 61% fill factor. The pixel features gating widths below 1 ns subject to a 17-ps standard deviation on the gate width uniformity and a 31-ps standard deviation on its temporal position. The pixel has a quantum efficiency (QE) above 40% for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, whereas the peak QE is 61% at 675 nm. The gate’s intrinsic decay is observed to be 320 ps, which allows for the FLT imaging of sub-nanosecond lifetime dyes. The real-time FLT imaging capabilities are demonstrated on commercial fluorescence phantoms and in a preclinical experiment.}},
author = {{Van den Dries, Thomas and Lapauw, Thomas and Janssen, Simone and Sahakian, Sevada and Lepoutte, Théo and Stroet, Marcus and Hernot, Sophie and Kuijk, Maarten and Ingelberts, Hans}},
issn = {{1530-437X}},
journal = {{IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}},
keywords = {{Sensors,Fluorescence,Imaging,Electrons,Photonics,Logic gates,Substrates,CMOS image sensor (CIS),current-assisted photonic sampler (CAPS),fluorescence imaging (FLI),fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging,fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM),near-infrared (NIR),photonic demodulation,time-gated fluorescence imaging (TGFI),time-gating,time-resolved}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{15}},
pages = {{23729--23737}},
title = {{64×64 Pixel current-assisted photonic sampler image sensor and camera system for real-time fluorescence lifetime imaging}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3409418}},
volume = {{24}},
year = {{2024}},
}
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