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Perceptions of language service technologies and reference works by Chinese users in the era of Generative AI

Wanjing Han (UGent) and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver (UGent)
(2026) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY. 39.
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Abstract
As paper dictionaries, digital reference works, machine-translation systems, and emerging AI-based language tools increasingly coexist, there is a need to reassess how users evaluate these resources and what kinds of lexicographic support they now require. Drawing on user reviews and questionnaire data from over one thousand Chinese learners of advanced English, this study shows that, for most of these users, traditional paper and digital dictionaries are no longer perceived as sufficient for many of their real-world tasks. Instead, they express a growing demand for more adaptive and context-sensitive forms of lexical assistance. Beyond definitions, they expect support with authentic usage, genre- and domain-related terminology, and culturally-rich language needs. The findings also suggest that recent AI technologies may reshape lexicographic practice, raising questions about the future scope of lexicography and the role of lexicographers.
Keywords
print dictionaries, mobile reference apps, translation platforms, chatbots, dictionary consultation, user reviews, closed- and open-ended questionnaires, Artificial Intelligence (AI), generative AI (GenAI), English, Chinese, LEARNERS

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MLA
Han, Wanjing, and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. “Perceptions of Language Service Technologies and Reference Works by Chinese Users in the Era of Generative AI.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY, vol. 39, 2026, doi:10.1093/ijl/ecag002.
APA
Han, W., & de Schryver, G.-M. (2026). Perceptions of language service technologies and reference works by Chinese users in the era of Generative AI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY, 39. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecag002
Chicago author-date
Han, Wanjing, and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. 2026. “Perceptions of Language Service Technologies and Reference Works by Chinese Users in the Era of Generative AI.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY 39. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecag002.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Han, Wanjing, and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. 2026. “Perceptions of Language Service Technologies and Reference Works by Chinese Users in the Era of Generative AI.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY 39. doi:10.1093/ijl/ecag002.
Vancouver
1.
Han W, de Schryver G-M. Perceptions of language service technologies and reference works by Chinese users in the era of Generative AI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY. 2026;39.
IEEE
[1]
W. Han and G.-M. de Schryver, “Perceptions of language service technologies and reference works by Chinese users in the era of Generative AI,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY, vol. 39, 2026.
@article{01KH734D98QFKNJ1QY9MF1J37X,
  abstract     = {{As paper dictionaries, digital reference works, machine-translation systems, and emerging AI-based language tools increasingly coexist, there is a need to reassess how users evaluate these resources and what kinds of lexicographic support they now require. Drawing on user reviews and questionnaire data from over one thousand Chinese learners of advanced English, this study shows that, for most of these users, traditional paper and digital dictionaries are no longer perceived as sufficient for many of their real-world tasks. Instead, they express a growing demand for more adaptive and context-sensitive forms of lexical assistance. Beyond definitions, they expect support with authentic usage, genre- and domain-related terminology, and culturally-rich language needs. The findings also suggest that recent AI technologies may reshape lexicographic practice, raising questions about the future scope of lexicography and the role of lexicographers.}},
  articleno    = {{ecag002}},
  author       = {{Han, Wanjing and de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice}},
  issn         = {{0950-3846}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEXICOGRAPHY}},
  keywords     = {{print dictionaries,mobile reference apps,translation platforms,chatbots,dictionary consultation,user reviews,closed- and open-ended questionnaires,Artificial Intelligence (AI),generative AI (GenAI),English,Chinese,LEARNERS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{23}},
  title        = {{Perceptions of language service technologies and reference works by Chinese users in the era of Generative AI}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecag002}},
  volume       = {{39}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}
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