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A comparison of in-the-moment and retrospective patient-reported outcome measures in advanced cancer

Joran Geeraerts, Kim de Nooijer, Lara Pivodic (UGent) , Geert Crombez (UGent) , Lore Decoster, Christel Fontaine, Sofie Joris, Eline Naert (UGent) , Mark De Ridder and Lieve Van den Block
(2026) SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER. 34(1).
Author
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Abstract
PurposeUnderstanding how to optimally measure symptoms and wellbeing of people with advanced cancer is crucial for supporting patient-centered care. We aimed to (1) compare repeated in-the-moment assessments (experience sampling methods/ESM) and retrospective assessments (traditional patient-reported outcome measures/PROMS) of symptoms and well-being among people with advanced breast or lung cancer; and (2) explore factors associated with discrepancies between these methods.MethodsIn an observational study among people with advanced breast or lung cancer, participants completed up to 60 in-the-moment ESM assessments over 7 days, followed by a 7-day recall (i.e., retrospective) questionnaire covering the same period. We compared in-the-moment and retrospective scores of 16 symptom and wellbeing items visually and through correlations. We examined factors associated with discrepancies using linear regression.ResultsWe analyzed 1676 in-the-moment assessments from 36 participants. Visually, higher in-the-moment scores were associated with higher retrospective scores across the sample. But, participants with identical retrospective scores often had different means (especially when they had higher recalled scores) and fluctuation patterns of in-the-moment scores. Item correlations between in-the-moment and retrospective scores ranged between .24 and .70. The largest discrepancies occurred for pain (Mdiff = -13.2) and tiredness (Mdiff = -12.4). Several parameters of in-the-moment scores and participants' active treatment status were associated with discrepancies.ConclusionIndividuals' retrospective symptom and wellbeing scores positively correlated with their in-the-moment scores over 1 week. Pain and tiredness showed the largest discrepancies. In-the-moment scores revealed considerable variability between individuals and fluctuations over time, which may be relevant to assess depending on the clinical or research objective.
Keywords
EoLC, Advanced cancer, Experience sampling methods, Health-related quality of life, Memory bias, Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMS), Retrospective assessments, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, SYMPTOM BURDEN, PALLIATIVE CARE, WEEKLY PAIN, FATIGUE, INDIVIDUALS, METHODOLOGY, VARIABILITY, ASSESSMENTS, VALIDATION

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MLA
Geeraerts, Joran, et al. “A Comparison of In-the-Moment and Retrospective Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Advanced Cancer.” SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER, vol. 34, no. 1, 2026, doi:10.1007/s00520-025-10286-2.
APA
Geeraerts, J., de Nooijer, K., Pivodic, L., Crombez, G., Decoster, L., Fontaine, C., … Van den Block, L. (2026). A comparison of in-the-moment and retrospective patient-reported outcome measures in advanced cancer. SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10286-2
Chicago author-date
Geeraerts, Joran, Kim de Nooijer, Lara Pivodic, Geert Crombez, Lore Decoster, Christel Fontaine, Sofie Joris, Eline Naert, Mark De Ridder, and Lieve Van den Block. 2026. “A Comparison of In-the-Moment and Retrospective Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Advanced Cancer.” SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER 34 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10286-2.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Geeraerts, Joran, Kim de Nooijer, Lara Pivodic, Geert Crombez, Lore Decoster, Christel Fontaine, Sofie Joris, Eline Naert, Mark De Ridder, and Lieve Van den Block. 2026. “A Comparison of In-the-Moment and Retrospective Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Advanced Cancer.” SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER 34 (1). doi:10.1007/s00520-025-10286-2.
Vancouver
1.
Geeraerts J, de Nooijer K, Pivodic L, Crombez G, Decoster L, Fontaine C, et al. A comparison of in-the-moment and retrospective patient-reported outcome measures in advanced cancer. SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER. 2026;34(1).
IEEE
[1]
J. Geeraerts et al., “A comparison of in-the-moment and retrospective patient-reported outcome measures in advanced cancer,” SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER, vol. 34, no. 1, 2026.
@article{01KH6DSSKGHX7JY7MENYXQ8PQM,
  abstract     = {{PurposeUnderstanding how to optimally measure symptoms and wellbeing of people with advanced cancer is crucial for supporting patient-centered care. We aimed to (1) compare repeated in-the-moment assessments (experience sampling methods/ESM) and retrospective assessments (traditional patient-reported outcome measures/PROMS) of symptoms and well-being among people with advanced breast or lung cancer; and (2) explore factors associated with discrepancies between these methods.MethodsIn an observational study among people with advanced breast or lung cancer, participants completed up to 60 in-the-moment ESM assessments over 7 days, followed by a 7-day recall (i.e., retrospective) questionnaire covering the same period. We compared in-the-moment and retrospective scores of 16 symptom and wellbeing items visually and through correlations. We examined factors associated with discrepancies using linear regression.ResultsWe analyzed 1676 in-the-moment assessments from 36 participants. Visually, higher in-the-moment scores were associated with higher retrospective scores across the sample. But, participants with identical retrospective scores often had different means (especially when they had higher recalled scores) and fluctuation patterns of in-the-moment scores. Item correlations between in-the-moment and retrospective scores ranged between .24 and .70. The largest discrepancies occurred for pain (Mdiff = -13.2) and tiredness (Mdiff = -12.4). Several parameters of in-the-moment scores and participants' active treatment status were associated with discrepancies.ConclusionIndividuals' retrospective symptom and wellbeing scores positively correlated with their in-the-moment scores over 1 week. Pain and tiredness showed the largest discrepancies. In-the-moment scores revealed considerable variability between individuals and fluctuations over time, which may be relevant to assess depending on the clinical or research objective.}},
  articleno    = {{64}},
  author       = {{Geeraerts, Joran and de Nooijer, Kim and Pivodic, Lara and Crombez, Geert and Decoster, Lore and Fontaine, Christel and Joris, Sofie and Naert, Eline and De Ridder, Mark and Van den Block, Lieve}},
  issn         = {{0941-4355}},
  journal      = {{SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER}},
  keywords     = {{EoLC,Advanced cancer,Experience sampling methods,Health-related quality of life,Memory bias,Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMS),Retrospective assessments,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,SYMPTOM BURDEN,PALLIATIVE CARE,WEEKLY PAIN,FATIGUE,INDIVIDUALS,METHODOLOGY,VARIABILITY,ASSESSMENTS,VALIDATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  title        = {{A comparison of in-the-moment and retrospective patient-reported outcome measures in advanced cancer}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-025-10286-2}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}
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