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From carbon to cobalt : chemical compositions and ages of z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies

Aliza G. Beverage, Mariska Kriek, Charlie Conroy, Nathan R. Sandford, Rachel Bezanson, Marijn Franx, Arjen van der Wel (UGent) and Daniel R. Weisz
(2023) ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. 948(2).
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Abstract
We present elemental abundance patterns (C, N, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) for a population of 135 massive quiescent galaxies at z similar to 0.7 with ultra-deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy drawn from the LEGA-C survey. We derive average ages and elemental abundances in four bins of stellar velocity dispersion (sigma ( v )) ranging from 150-250 km s(-1) using a full-spectrum hierarchical Bayesian model. The resulting elemental abundance measurements are precise to 0.05 dex. The majority of elements, as well as the total metallicity and stellar age, show a positive correlation with sigma ( v ). Thus, the highest dispersion galaxies formed the earliest and are the most metal-rich. We find only mild or nonsignificant trends between [X/Fe] and sigma ( v ), suggesting that the average star formation timescale does not strongly depend on velocity dispersion. To first order, the abundance patterns of the z similar to 0.7 quiescent galaxies are strikingly similar to those at z similar to 0. However, at the lowest-velocity dispersions, the z similar to 0.7 galaxies have slightly enhanced N, Mg, Ti, and Ni abundance ratios and earlier formation redshifts than their z similar to 0 counterparts. Thus, while the higher-mass quiescent galaxy population shows little evolution, the low-mass quiescent galaxies population has grown significantly over the past 6 Gyr. Finally, the abundance patterns of both z similar to 0 and z similar to 0.7 quiescent galaxies differ considerably from theoretical prediction based on a chemical evolution model, indicating that our understanding of the enrichment histories of these galaxies is still very limited.
Keywords
INITIAL MASS FUNCTION, STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS, STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES, HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES, RED-SEQUENCE GALAXIES, DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY, ABUNDANCE RATIOS, ELLIPTIC GALAXIES, FORMING GALAXIES, LICK INDEXES

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MLA
Beverage, Aliza G., et al. “From Carbon to Cobalt : Chemical Compositions and Ages of z ∼ 0.7 Quiescent Galaxies.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 948, no. 2, 2023, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc176.
APA
Beverage, A. G., Kriek, M., Conroy, C., Sandford, N. R., Bezanson, R., Franx, M., … Weisz, D. R. (2023). From carbon to cobalt : chemical compositions and ages of z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 948(2). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc176
Chicago author-date
Beverage, Aliza G., Mariska Kriek, Charlie Conroy, Nathan R. Sandford, Rachel Bezanson, Marijn Franx, Arjen van der Wel, and Daniel R. Weisz. 2023. “From Carbon to Cobalt : Chemical Compositions and Ages of z ∼ 0.7 Quiescent Galaxies.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 948 (2). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc176.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Beverage, Aliza G., Mariska Kriek, Charlie Conroy, Nathan R. Sandford, Rachel Bezanson, Marijn Franx, Arjen van der Wel, and Daniel R. Weisz. 2023. “From Carbon to Cobalt : Chemical Compositions and Ages of z ∼ 0.7 Quiescent Galaxies.” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 948 (2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc176.
Vancouver
1.
Beverage AG, Kriek M, Conroy C, Sandford NR, Bezanson R, Franx M, et al. From carbon to cobalt : chemical compositions and ages of z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. 2023;948(2).
IEEE
[1]
A. G. Beverage et al., “From carbon to cobalt : chemical compositions and ages of z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies,” ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, vol. 948, no. 2, 2023.
@article{01KG2JHXMV60WJHWNP72R2T46Y,
  abstract     = {{We present elemental abundance patterns (C, N, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) for a population of 135 massive quiescent galaxies at z similar to 0.7 with ultra-deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy drawn from the LEGA-C survey. We derive average ages and elemental abundances in four bins of stellar velocity dispersion (sigma ( v )) ranging from 150-250 km s(-1) using a full-spectrum hierarchical Bayesian model. The resulting elemental abundance measurements are precise to 0.05 dex. The majority of elements, as well as the total metallicity and stellar age, show a positive correlation with sigma ( v ). Thus, the highest dispersion galaxies formed the earliest and are the most metal-rich. We find only mild or nonsignificant trends between [X/Fe] and sigma ( v ), suggesting that the average star formation timescale does not strongly depend on velocity dispersion. To first order, the abundance patterns of the z similar to 0.7 quiescent galaxies are strikingly similar to those at z similar to 0. However, at the lowest-velocity dispersions, the z similar to 0.7 galaxies have slightly enhanced N, Mg, Ti, and Ni abundance ratios and earlier formation redshifts than their z similar to 0 counterparts. Thus, while the higher-mass quiescent galaxy population shows little evolution, the low-mass quiescent galaxies population has grown significantly over the past 6 Gyr. Finally, the abundance patterns of both z similar to 0 and z similar to 0.7 quiescent galaxies differ considerably from theoretical prediction based on a chemical evolution model, indicating that our understanding of the enrichment histories of these galaxies is still very limited.}},
  articleno    = {{140}},
  author       = {{Beverage, Aliza G. and Kriek, Mariska and Conroy, Charlie and Sandford, Nathan R. and Bezanson, Rachel and Franx, Marijn and van der Wel, Arjen and Weisz, Daniel R.}},
  issn         = {{0004-637X}},
  journal      = {{ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{INITIAL MASS FUNCTION,STELLAR POPULATION-MODELS,STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES,HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES,RED-SEQUENCE GALAXIES,DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY,ABUNDANCE RATIOS,ELLIPTIC GALAXIES,FORMING GALAXIES,LICK INDEXES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{17}},
  title        = {{From carbon to cobalt : chemical compositions and ages of z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc176}},
  volume       = {{948}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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