@misc{01KEHH3AH3TKRVVHP89NTM1QRD,
  abstract     = {{The consensus taxonomy of plants used as the backbone for the World Flora Online (WFO) portal, and issued as editions of the WFO Plant List.

New versions of this checklist are released every six months in June and December: this is release 2025-12.

The history of data development for the WFO taxonomic backbone is given on the WFO Plant List background page. Taxonomic names are incorporated into WFO from nomenclators International Plant Name Index (IPNI) for vascular plants, and Tropicos for bryophytes. Taxonomic and nomenclatural updates are incorporated from the WFO's Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

This data repository includes the following files:



wfo_plantlist_2025-12.zip The Catalogue of Life Data Package of the WFO Plant List. This is the most expressive standards based form of the list.

plant_list_2025-12.json.gz JSON formatted version of the WFO Plant List. This has been designed for direct import into a schemaless instance of a SOLR index and is used to drive the WFO Plant List API (https://list.worldfloraonline.org) which in turn drives the WFO Plant List in the portal. This is recommended if you want to use a local, read only version of the list rather than use the API.

plant_list_2025-12.sql.gz This is the complete production database (minus API keys) as a MySQL backup file. It can be restored directly to a MySQL 8.0 or later instance if you require the list in SQL format.

ipni_to_wfo.csv.gz A file mapping all the IPNI IDs we track to their associated WFO IDs.

deprecated_names_lookup.csv.gz A list of the WFO IDs of deprecated names.

deduplicated_ids_lookup.csv.gz A list of the WFO IDs that have been dedupliated with the prescribed ids that should be used in their place.

families_dwc.tar.gz Individual Darwin Core Archive files for each of 734 recognized families. If you want a single family in DwC download and expand this file. These files exclude deprecated names.

_DwC_backbone_R.zip A single Darwin Core Archive file containing non deprecated names and taxa for use in the existing R package.

_uber.zip A single Darwin Core Archive file containing all names and taxa even those that are deprecated along with some extra data columns.}},
  author       = {{[missing], The World Flora Online Consortium and Elliott, Alan and Hyam, Roger and Watson, Mark and Wrankmore, Emma and Hartley, Helen and Krieger, Jonathan and Gandhi, Kanchi and Abad-Brotons, Jordi and Acuña, Rafael and Alcantara, Suzana and Almeida, Rafael Felipe De and Alonso-Vargas, M. Ángeles and Amorim, Gabriela and Anderson, Gregory and Andrella, Giovani Carlos and Anguiano, Marco and Antonio-Domingues, Higor and Ardi, Wisnu Handoyo and Atkins, Hannah and Atwood, John J. and Aubriot, Xavier and Baker, William and Balan, Anoop Puthuparampil and Baldwin, Bruce and Barberá, Patricia and Barrett, Russell and Bartolucci, Fabrizio and Bedoya, Ana M. and Berendsohn, Walter G. and Bernal, Richard Junior Balvin and Blanco-Gavaldà, Carme and Bogarín, Diego and Bonifacino, Mauricio and Borges, Leonardo and Borsch, Thomas and Brinda, John C. and Brown, Gillian and Bruneau, Anne and Bunchalee, Pasakorn and Buril, Maria Teresa and Buys, Matt and Böhnert, Tim and Cabral, Andressa and Cabral, Fernanda Nunes and Calonje, Michael and Camfield, R. and Capelo, Fiorella Fernanda Mazine and Cardoso, Domingos and Carvalho, Catarina Silva De and Cecchi, Lorenzo and Chatrou, Lars and Chen, Junhao and Chiarini, Franco and Choo, Le Min and Cohen, James and Corro, José Ignacio Márquez and Costa, David Schellenberger and Couvreur, Thomas and Crespo, Manuel B. and Cronk, Quentin and Crowley, Dan and Culham, Alastair and Damian-Parizaca, L. Alexander and Darbyshire, Iain and Declercq, Marie G. and Denardi, Vinicius Luvizotto and Dillenberger, Markus and Docot, Rudolph Valentino and Duan, Lei and Dupin, Julia and Durán, Juan David Tovar and Egan, Ashley N and Elvebakk, Arve and Erkens, R.H.J. and Escallón, Eugenio Valderrama and Eserman, Lauren and Espejo-Serna, Adolfo and Estrella, Manuel de la and Falcão, Marcus and Ferreira, Priscila Porto Alegre and Fls, Dr Martin Allen Hamilton and Franck, Alan and Fritsch, Peter and Gaem, Paulo Henrique and Gagnon, Edeline and Galasso, Gabriele and Galbany-Casals, Mercè and Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del and García, Jose Luis Villar and German, Dmitry and Giacomin, Leandro and Girmansyah, Deden and Gissi, Danilo Soares and Gonzáles, Paúl and Gouvêa, Yuri and Govaerts, Rafaël Herman Anna and Gregório, Bernarda and Guerrero, Pablo C. and Guilliams, C. Matt and González Gutiérrez, Pedro Alejandro and Haegi, Laurence and Haevermans, Thomas and Hanes, Margaret and Harris, David J. and Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen and Hatt, Sebastian and Heiden, Gustavo and Henning, Tilo and Hilario, Robin Fernandez and Hopkins, Helen Fortune and Hopper, Stephen and Hoyos, David and Hu, Ling and Huerta-Ramos, Guillermo and Hughes, Mark and Iganci, João and Jara-Muñoz, Orlando Adolfo and Javadi, Firouzeh and Jennert, Pauline Rosina and Jiang, Kai-Wen and Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro and Johnson, David and Jordão, Lucas Sá Barreto and Keller, Héctor and Kiefer, Markus and Kilian, Norbert and Klitgaard, Bente and Klopper, R.R. and Knapp, Sandra and Kobrlová, Lucie and Koch, Marcus and Konowalik, Kamil and Korotkova, Nadja and Koutroumpa, Konstantina and Köhler, Matias and Larridon, Isabel and Lavandero, Nicolás and Lavin, Matt and Leong-Skornickova, Jana and Lepschi, Brendan and Lewis, Gwilym and Lichter-Marck, Isaac and Liede-Schumann, Sigrid and Lima, Alexandre Gibau De and Lima, Duane Fernandes and Lirio, Elton John De and Loeuille, Benoit and Lopes, Jenifer C. and Low, Yee Wen and Lucas, Eve and Luebert, Federico and Luján, Manuel and M.A., Herrera-Pacheco and Maas, Paul and Mabry, Makenzie E. and Mahon, Katie and Majure, Lucas C. and Malekmohammadi, Maryam and Mambrasar, Yasper and Marasinghe, Lakmini and Marinho, Lucas Cardoso and Martine, Chris and Martínez-Azorín, Mario and Maslin, Bruce and Maurin, Olivier and Mckenzie, Robert James and Melchor-Castro, R. Briggitthe and Melo, José Iranildo Miranda De and Mering, Sabine Von and Metzing, Detlev and Meudt, Heidi and Meve, Ulrich and Middleton, Lindsay and Miller, Joseph T. and Miller, Richard E and Moeller, Michael and Monro, Alexandre K. and Monteiro, Thiago Cobra E and Moonlight, Peter and Morais, Isa and Morales, J Francisco and Moreira, André Luiz Da Costa and Moreira-Munoz, Andres and Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra and Murphy, Daniel and Mustaqim, Wendy A. and Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo and Müller, Andreas and Nelson, Charles and Nersesyan, Anush and Newman, Mark and Nitta, Joel and Nürk, Nicolai M. and Oliveira, Marla Ibrahim Uehbe De and Orejuela, Andres and Ortiz-Rodriguez, Andres Ernesto and Osborne, Roy and Oxelman, Bengt and Pandey, Arun and Pellegrini, Marco O. O. and Pelser, Pieter and Pendry, Colin Alistair and Pennington, Toby and Petrongari, F.S. and Pezzini, Flavia Fonseca and Pillon, Yohan and Pinto, Rafael and Pirie, Michael D. and Poczai, Peter and Poulsen, Axel Dalberg and Prebble, Jessica and Puglisi, Carmen and Péchon, Timothée Le and Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De and Quintanar, Alejandro and Rabeler, Richard K. and Rainer, Heimo and Rakotonirina, Nivohenintsoa and Ramos, Gustavo and Rando, J.G. and Rankin, David and Rapini, Alessandro and Rattanakrajang, Pantamith and Ravomanana, Erica Onjaniaina and Raz, Lauren and Rodda, Michele and Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz and Rojas-Andrés, Blanca María and Rothfels, Carl and Roux, Margaretha Marianne Le and Sampaio, Valéria Da Silva and Santilli, Ludovica and Santos, Matheus Fortes and Schilling, Edward and Schlumpberger, Boris and Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander and Schneider, Harald and Schneider, Julio V. and Schuettpelz, Eric and Seah, Wei Wei and Selvi, Federico and Sennikov, Alexander Nikolaevich and Shimizu, Gustavo and Silva, Guilherme Sousa Da and Silva, Rafael Costa and Simon, Marcelo and Simpson, Michael George and Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela and Giraldes Simoes, Ana Rita and Skema, C. and Smidt, E.C. and Smith, Stacey and Sokoloff, Dmitry and Sosef, Marc and Sotuyo, Solange and Souza, Leonardo Da Silveira De and Stevenson, Dennis and Stirton, Charles and Straub, Shannon and Strijk, Joeri Sergej and Sweeney, Patrick W. and Sánchez, Daniel and Särkinen, Tiina and Tamayo, Maverick and Tebbitt, Mark and Teisher, Jordan and Tepe, Eric and Thomas, Daniel Caspar and Thornhill, Andrew H and Thulin, Mats and Trad, Rafaela and Trias-Blasi, Anna and Valdemarin, Karinne Sampaio and Vasconcelos, Thais and Vasile, Maria-Anna and Vatanparast, Mohammad and Vorontsova, Maria (Bat) S. and Wang, Hua-Feng and Wati, Richa Kusuma and Webb, Campbell and Wedel, Lina Valeska Von and Weigend, Maximilian and Wilding, Nicholas and Wilson, Hannah and Winslow, Sundre and You, Haoyang and Zamora-Tavares, Pilar and Zhang, Cai-Fei and Zhang, Rong and Zizka, Georg and Španiel, Stanislav}},
  keywords     = {{Taxonomy,Taxonomic Backbone,Plants,Angiosperms,Gymnosperms,Bryophytes,Pteridophytes,global checklist,flora,Convention on Biological Diversity,CBD}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Zenodo}},
  title        = {{World Flora Online Plant List December 2025}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18007552}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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