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Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of urinary inflammatory biomarkers in a Flemish birth cohort

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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to various diseases but its assessment via blood sampling presents challenges, particularly in children. The evaluation of urinary biomarkers, including 3-bromotyrosine (Bty), 3-chlorotyrosine (Cty) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4), offers a non-invasive alternative. This study presents the optimization and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of Bty, Cty and LTE4 in urine. Under optimized conditions, sample preparation was based on SPE using Oasis MAX cartridges, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Method performance was validated using the ICH 10 guidelines, resulting in satisfactory results for all analytes in terms of recovery, linearity, limits of quantification, precision and accuracy. Recovery rates ranged from 82 % to 97 %, while matrix effects were observed within the range of −11 % to 26 %. Linear range spanned from 0.08 to 20 ng/mL for the three analytes. Application to 332 urine samples from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort (Belgium), comprising of children aged 4–11 years, revealed detection frequencies of 18 % for LTE4, 19 % for Cty and 50 % for Bty. Notably, creatinine-corrected Cty and LTE4 exhibited statistically significant Spearman correlations with established systemic inflammation markers. Specifically, Cty was positively correlated with absolute monocyte count (ρ = 0.53, p < 0.05), while LTE4 showed a positive correlation with relative eosinophil levels (ρ = 0.46, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with the relative neutrophil levels (ρ = −0.56, p < 0.01). These results highlight the validated method as a valuable tool for investigating distinct inflammatory pathways in epidemiological settings and clinical research.
Keywords
3-bromotyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, Leukotriene E4, Inflammation, Urine, Pediatric, population, Pediatric population, LEUKOTRIENE E-4 EXCRETION, MYELOPEROXIDASE, DISEASE, 3-CHLOROTYROSINE, 3-BROMOTYROSINE, QUANTIFICATION, ASTHMA, SEVERITY, SAMPLES, MARKER

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Citation

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MLA
den Ouden, Fatima, et al. “Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Flemish Birth Cohort.” JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, vol. 1269, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124867.
APA
den Ouden, F., Cseresznye, Á., Engelen, L., Maris, E., De Paepe, E., Poma, G., … Covaci, A. (2026). Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of urinary inflammatory biomarkers in a Flemish birth cohort. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, 1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124867
Chicago author-date
Ouden, Fatima den, Ádám Cseresznye, Liesa Engelen, Elias Maris, Ellen De Paepe, Giulia Poma, Sebastian Proost, et al. 2026. “Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Flemish Birth Cohort.” JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES 1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124867.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
den Ouden, Fatima, Ádám Cseresznye, Liesa Engelen, Elias Maris, Ellen De Paepe, Giulia Poma, Sebastian Proost, Arnau Vich i Vila, Lieselot Hemeryck, Roger Peró Gascón, Sarah De Saeger, Jeroen Raes, Lynn Vanhaecke, Tim S. Nawrot, and Adrian Covaci. 2026. “Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Flemish Birth Cohort.” JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES 1269. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124867.
Vancouver
1.
den Ouden F, Cseresznye Á, Engelen L, Maris E, De Paepe E, Poma G, et al. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of urinary inflammatory biomarkers in a Flemish birth cohort. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES. 2026;1269.
IEEE
[1]
F. den Ouden et al., “Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of urinary inflammatory biomarkers in a Flemish birth cohort,” JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, vol. 1269, 2026.
@article{01KAXWCVDQXDGVHGYWVQ2HEE3P,
  abstract     = {{Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to various diseases but its assessment via blood sampling presents challenges, particularly in children. The evaluation of urinary biomarkers, including 3-bromotyrosine (Bty), 3-chlorotyrosine (Cty) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4), offers a non-invasive alternative. This study presents the optimization and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of Bty, Cty and LTE4 in urine. Under optimized conditions, sample preparation was based on SPE using Oasis MAX cartridges, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Method performance was validated using the ICH 10 guidelines, resulting in satisfactory results for all analytes in terms of recovery, linearity, limits of quantification, precision and accuracy. Recovery rates ranged from 82 % to 97 %, while matrix effects were observed within the range of −11 % to 26 %. Linear range spanned from 0.08 to 20 ng/mL for the three analytes. Application to 332 urine samples from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort (Belgium), comprising of children aged 4–11 years, revealed detection frequencies of 18 % for LTE4, 19 % for Cty and 50 % for Bty. Notably, creatinine-corrected Cty and LTE4 exhibited statistically significant Spearman correlations with established systemic inflammation markers. Specifically, Cty was positively correlated with absolute monocyte count (ρ = 0.53, p < 0.05), while LTE4 showed a positive correlation with relative eosinophil levels (ρ = 0.46, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with the relative neutrophil levels (ρ = −0.56, p < 0.01). These results highlight the validated method as a valuable tool for investigating distinct inflammatory pathways in epidemiological settings and clinical research.}},
  articleno    = {{124867}},
  author       = {{den Ouden, Fatima and Cseresznye, Ádám and Engelen, Liesa and Maris, Elias and De Paepe, Ellen and Poma, Giulia and Proost, Sebastian and Vila, Arnau Vich i and Hemeryck, Lieselot and Peró Gascón, Roger and De Saeger, Sarah and Raes, Jeroen and Vanhaecke, Lynn and Nawrot, Tim S. and Covaci, Adrian}},
  issn         = {{1570-0232}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES}},
  keywords     = {{3-bromotyrosine,3-chlorotyrosine,Leukotriene E4,Inflammation,Urine,Pediatric,population,Pediatric population,LEUKOTRIENE E-4 EXCRETION,MYELOPEROXIDASE,DISEASE,3-CHLOROTYROSINE,3-BROMOTYROSINE,QUANTIFICATION,ASTHMA,SEVERITY,SAMPLES,MARKER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{9}},
  title        = {{Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of urinary inflammatory biomarkers in a Flemish birth cohort}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124867}},
  volume       = {{1269}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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