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From clinic to lab : sperm parameters for equine in vitro embryo production

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Abstract
Equine in vitro embryo production (IVP) offers a valuable opportunity to enhance the efficient utilization of genetically and economically valuable horses. In cases of subfertility, sudden death, emergency euthanasia, or limited sperm availability, IVP becomes the only viable option to produce offspring. Due to steadily improving success rates, IVP has become one of the most sought-after assisted reproductive techniques. The rising global demand has created a clear need for veterinarians and stallion owners to provide IVP-suitable sperm, where the selection of intact sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) is critical for fertilization and optimal embryo development. Achieving this demand requires careful consideration of animal selection, sperm processing, and sperm selection techniques, linking the day-to-day clinical practice with laboratory requirements. In this review, we summarize research on stallion and sperm parameters relevant to IVP, aiming to provide practical guidance for improving in vitro reproductive outcomes.
Keywords
Embryo, ICSI, IVF, IVP, Sperm, DENSITY-GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION, SEMINAL PLASMA, CONVENTIONAL IVF, INJECTION ICSI, INTRACYTOPLASMIC INJECTION, BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT, STALLION SEMEN, LIVE FOALS, OOCYTES, FROZEN

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MLA
Martin-Pelaez, Soledad, et al. “From Clinic to Lab : Sperm Parameters for Equine in Vitro Embryo Production.” JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE, vol. 156, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105738.
APA
Martin-Pelaez, S., Orsolini, M., Verstraete, M., de la Fuente, A., Takahashi, K., Meyers, S., & Dini, P. (2026). From clinic to lab : sperm parameters for equine in vitro embryo production. JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE, 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105738
Chicago author-date
Martin-Pelaez, Soledad, Morgan Orsolini, Margo Verstraete, Alejandro de la Fuente, Kazuki Takahashi, Stuart Meyers, and Pouya Dini. 2026. “From Clinic to Lab : Sperm Parameters for Equine in Vitro Embryo Production.” JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105738.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Martin-Pelaez, Soledad, Morgan Orsolini, Margo Verstraete, Alejandro de la Fuente, Kazuki Takahashi, Stuart Meyers, and Pouya Dini. 2026. “From Clinic to Lab : Sperm Parameters for Equine in Vitro Embryo Production.” JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE 156. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105738.
Vancouver
1.
Martin-Pelaez S, Orsolini M, Verstraete M, de la Fuente A, Takahashi K, Meyers S, et al. From clinic to lab : sperm parameters for equine in vitro embryo production. JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE. 2026;156.
IEEE
[1]
S. Martin-Pelaez et al., “From clinic to lab : sperm parameters for equine in vitro embryo production,” JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE, vol. 156, 2026.
@article{01KAW26SYG5N6KP6SNQPK079RN,
  abstract     = {{Equine in vitro embryo production (IVP) offers a valuable opportunity to enhance the efficient utilization of genetically and economically valuable horses. In cases of subfertility, sudden death, emergency euthanasia, or limited sperm availability, IVP becomes the only viable option to produce offspring. Due to steadily improving success rates, IVP has become one of the most sought-after assisted reproductive techniques. The rising global demand has created a clear need for veterinarians and stallion owners to provide IVP-suitable sperm, where the selection of intact sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) is critical for fertilization and optimal embryo development. Achieving this demand requires careful consideration of animal selection, sperm processing, and sperm selection techniques, linking the day-to-day clinical practice with laboratory requirements. In this review, we summarize research on stallion and sperm parameters relevant to IVP, aiming to provide practical guidance for improving in vitro reproductive outcomes.}},
  articleno    = {{105738}},
  author       = {{Martin-Pelaez, Soledad and Orsolini, Morgan and Verstraete, Margo and de la Fuente, Alejandro and Takahashi, Kazuki and Meyers, Stuart and Dini, Pouya}},
  issn         = {{0737-0806}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Embryo,ICSI,IVF,IVP,Sperm,DENSITY-GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION,SEMINAL PLASMA,CONVENTIONAL IVF,INJECTION ICSI,INTRACYTOPLASMIC INJECTION,BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT,STALLION SEMEN,LIVE FOALS,OOCYTES,FROZEN}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{9}},
  title        = {{From clinic to lab : sperm parameters for equine in vitro embryo production}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105738}},
  volume       = {{156}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

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