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Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem

Clara Tanghe (UGent) , Senne Van Wellen (UGent) , Kobe Vergaerde (UGent) and Karel Van Acoleyen (UGent)
(2025)
Author
Organization
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to directly measure energy dissipation for a linearly driven superfluid confined in a harmonic trap. The method relies on a perturbed version of the harmonic-potential theorem, according to which a potential perturbation - effectively acting as a stirrer - converts center-of-mass motional energy into internal energy. Energy conservation then enables a direct, quantitative determination of the dissipated energy from measurements of the macroscopic center-of-mass observables. Applying this method to a perturbed, driven Bose-Einstein condensate, we observe dissipation curves characteristic of superfluid flow, including a critical velocity that depends on the stirrer strength, consistent with previous studies. Our results are supported by mean-field simulations, which corroborate both the theoretical framework and the experimental findings.

Citation

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MLA
Tanghe, Clara, et al. Direct Energy Dissipation Measurements for a Driven Superfluid via the Harmonic-Potential Theorem. 2025.
APA
Tanghe, C., Van Wellen, S., Vergaerde, K., & Van Acoleyen, K. (2025). Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem.
Chicago author-date
Tanghe, Clara, Senne Van Wellen, Kobe Vergaerde, and Karel Van Acoleyen. 2025. “Direct Energy Dissipation Measurements for a Driven Superfluid via the Harmonic-Potential Theorem.”
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Tanghe, Clara, Senne Van Wellen, Kobe Vergaerde, and Karel Van Acoleyen. 2025. “Direct Energy Dissipation Measurements for a Driven Superfluid via the Harmonic-Potential Theorem.”
Vancouver
1.
Tanghe C, Van Wellen S, Vergaerde K, Van Acoleyen K. Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem. 2025.
IEEE
[1]
C. Tanghe, S. Van Wellen, K. Vergaerde, and K. Van Acoleyen, “Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem.” 2025.
@misc{01KAF90K9D54F32S4247G6Q7N9,
  abstract     = {{We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to directly measure energy dissipation for a linearly driven superfluid confined in a harmonic trap. The method relies on a perturbed version of the harmonic-potential theorem, according to which a potential perturbation - effectively acting as a stirrer - converts center-of-mass motional energy into internal energy. Energy conservation then enables a direct, quantitative determination of the dissipated energy from measurements of the macroscopic center-of-mass observables. Applying this method to a perturbed, driven Bose-Einstein condensate, we observe dissipation curves characteristic of superfluid flow, including a critical velocity that depends on the stirrer strength, consistent with previous studies. Our results are supported by mean-field simulations, which corroborate both the theoretical framework and the experimental findings.}},
  author       = {{Tanghe, Clara and Van Wellen, Senne and Vergaerde, Kobe and Van Acoleyen, Karel}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  title        = {{Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}