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Abstract
Theranostic systems that integrate therapeutic delivery with diagnostic imaging hold strong potential in biomedical applications. Nanocarriers with imaging and controlled release functions enable real-time tracking and localization of therapeutics, while hydrogels with diagnostic capabilities support applications such as sustained drug release, cell encapsulation, and cell tracking. Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a promising non-invasive complement to conventional proton MRI, though its clinical translation remains limited by the lack of optimal tracer systems. Herein, we report the development of BAB-type triblock copolymers comprising a hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) A block and a thermoresponsive poly[N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide] (PDFEA) B block, statistically copolymerized with a ROS-responsive monomer bearing phenylboronic ester groups. These polymers self-assemble into nanoparticles at low concentrations and form thermogelling hydrogels at higher concentrations, allowing for formulation-dependent versatility. The ROS-sensitive component enables disassembly at pathophysiologically relevant ROS levels (~0.4–2 mM), facilitating targeted therapeutic release in oxidative environments such as tumors. The polymers form physically crosslinked nanogels (hydrodynamic radius ≈160–760 nm) at 37 °C, which undergo ROS-triggered disassembly. Selected formulations demonstrated excellent 19F MRI relaxation properties suitable for in vivo imaging. Cytocompatibility was confirmed in vitro using human foreskin fibroblasts. Overall, the developed polymers offer a versatile platform for biomedical applications—ranging from thermogelling injectable hydrogels for drug delivery or cell encapsulation, to nanocarriers for ROS-triggered therapeutic release—all while enabling non-invasive monitoring via 19F MRI.
Keywords
nanogel crosslinking, f mri theranostics, ROS responsive
License
CC-BY-4.0
Access
open access

Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

@misc{01K9EVCTH5Z9W4H4FDR2ZWHY4C,
  abstract     = {{Theranostic systems that integrate therapeutic delivery with diagnostic imaging hold strong potential in biomedical applications. Nanocarriers with imaging and controlled release functions enable real-time tracking and localization of therapeutics, while hydrogels with diagnostic capabilities support applications such as sustained drug release, cell encapsulation, and cell tracking. Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a promising non-invasive complement to conventional proton MRI, though its clinical translation remains limited by the lack of optimal tracer systems. Herein, we report the development of BAB-type triblock copolymers comprising a hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) A block and a thermoresponsive poly[N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide] (PDFEA) B block, statistically copolymerized with a ROS-responsive monomer bearing phenylboronic ester groups. These polymers self-assemble into nanoparticles at low concentrations and form thermogelling hydrogels at higher concentrations, allowing for formulation-dependent versatility. The ROS-sensitive component enables disassembly at pathophysiologically relevant ROS levels (~0.4–2 mM), facilitating targeted therapeutic release in oxidative environments such as tumors. The polymers form physically crosslinked nanogels (hydrodynamic radius ≈160–760 nm) at 37 °C, which undergo ROS-triggered disassembly. Selected formulations demonstrated excellent 19F MRI relaxation properties suitable for in vivo imaging. Cytocompatibility was confirmed in vitro using human foreskin fibroblasts. Overall, the developed polymers offer a versatile platform for biomedical applications—ranging from thermogelling injectable hydrogels for drug delivery or cell encapsulation, to nanocarriers for ROS-triggered therapeutic release—all while enabling non-invasive monitoring via 19F MRI.}},
  author       = {{Çetin Pontillo, Fatma Nalan and Cernochova, Zulfiya and Vermeersch, Edward and Herynek, Vit and Groborz, Ondrej and Pavlova, ewa and Šlouf, Miroslav and Hruby, Martin and Mignon, Arn and Hoogenboom, Richard and Van Vlierberghe, Sandra and Kolouchova, Kristyna}},
  keywords     = {{nanogel crosslinking,f mri theranostics,ROS responsive}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{figshare}},
  title        = {{Data repository FMRI ROS paper.zip}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29880980}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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